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Reproductive System Alissa Tagle Period 3 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System
Alissa Tagle
Period 3
Major Functions of Reproduction System
Develops organs in order to produce an offspring
Male: produce sperm to deliver to
Female: produce egg to by fertilized by male; houses embryo
Anatomy of Female Reproductive System
Ovaries
Main sex organ of female reproductive system
produces main sex cell of females: egg cell(ovum)
Uterine tubes
lead from ovary to uterus
expand to form infundibulum with finger like fimbrae
site of fertilization
Uterus
hollow muscular organ
upper 2/3 is fundus
lower 1/3 is cervix
Houses embryo; fertilized egg cell burrows into uterus wall
Vagina
fibromuscular tube that extends from uterus to outside
where penis is inserted for sexual intercourse
serves as birthing canal
Labia Majora
encloses and protects other external reproductive organs; corresponds to scrotum of male
Labia Minora
flattended, longitudinal folds between the labia majora
Clitoris
small projection at anterior end of vulva, between labia minora
corresponds to the penis and has similar structure
Vestibular Glands
space enclosed by labia minora
corresponds to bulbourethral glands and provides lubrication
Hormones of the Reproductive System
Male
GnRH
- triggers productions of gonadtropins; secreted by hypothalamus
LH
-promotes development of interstitial cells of testes(secrete testosterone)
Testosterone
- stimulates development of male reproductive organs
FSH
- stimulates sertoli cells of seminiferous tubules to respond to testosterone
Female
GnRH
- secrete from hypothalamus; FSH & LH
FSH
- stimulates maturation of follicle; comes from anterior pituitary
Progesterone
- triggers uterine changes, comes from ovaries
LH
- stimulates cells to produce testosterone; comes from anterior pituitary
Estrogen
- promote development of secondary sexual characteristics; comes from ovaries
Disorders Associated with the Reproductive System
Hepatitis
STD infection that can later cause damage to liver, cause liver cancer, cirrhosis, and even death
Trichomoniasis
Very common STD caused by infection with protozoan parasite vaginalis
Gonorrhea s
STD that can cause infection in genitals for both male and female
Chlaymidia
Common STD that affects both men and women; can cause damage to woman's reproductive system
AIDS/HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. It weakens a persons immune system by destroying important cells that fight against infection
Genital Herpes
STD caused by herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2)
HPV/ Genital Warts
Most common STI with several types of HPV; classified as a virus
Syphilis
STI that can cause serious health problems if left untreated
PID
Infection in women's reproductive system cause by STI's
Bacterial Vaginosis
Too much bacteria in the vagina( only in women)
Methods and Classifications of Contraceptives
Diaphragm
A cap that prevents sperm from passing through the cervix; is inserted into vagina
Internal Condom
Condom that is inserted into the vagina to prevent sperm from entering
Pill
oral contraceptive that has hormones that prevents the release of an egg
External Condom
Condom that is put over the penis to prevent sperm from entering the vagina
Injectables
Injected hormones by medical professional in order to prevent release of egg
Fertility Awareness
Sexual abstinence when estimated to be ovulating
IUD
Inserted by health care professional into uterus. Has toxins that kill the egg of a female
Withdraw
Withdraw penis from vagina before ejaculation
Male sterilization
surgical methods of preventing pregnancy permanently;
Vasectomy
: removal of a small portion of vas deferns
Female Sterilization
surgical methods of preventing pregnancy permanently;
tubal ligation
:cutting of the uterine tubes
Spermicides
Gel that is inserted into vagina walls to prevent movement of sperm
Events of the Female Hormonal Cycle
Follicle Development
Ovulation
egg is released
Luteal Phase
the exterior portion that the egg was released from becomes the corpus lutem and degenerates
Follicular Phase
The primary follicle develops into a dominant follicle in order to get ready to release an egg
Uterine Lining
Menstrual Flow
:the start of the menstrual cycle is the first day of the women's period; the uterine lining is shedding; about days 1-5
Prolifeative Phase
: the uterine lining of the uterus begins to thicken in perpetration for pregnancy; about days 6-13
Ovulation
: the egg is release and the uterine wall is thick enough for a federalized egg to burrow into it; about day 14
Secretory Phase:
the uterine lining continues to thicken, awaiting an egg; if no egg is present, the cycle begins again; about days 15-28
Horomone Levels in the Blood
Estrogens
During mensuration levels are low. Estrogen peaks a few days before ovulation and once ovulation hits it begins to decrease again, then slowly rises back up to a steady level
LH
levels are fairly low and steady before ovulation. At ovulation levels spike in order for ovulation to occur. After ovulation, levels drop down very low quickly
FSH
During menstrual flow, the FSH hormones are high, and then dip right before ovulation. At ovulation the levels peak and go back down again.
Progesterone
Levels remain low until end of menstrual cycle, after ovulation levels begin to slowly rise and at menstruation levels go back down
Anatomy of Male Reproductive System
Seminal Vesicles
sac-like structure attatched to thr vas defernens near base of urinary bladder
secrets fluid that makes up large portion of semen
Prostate Gland
chestnut-shaped structure surrounding the urethra
secrets milky white fluid that is a nutrient for sperm
Ductus Deferens
muscular tube leading from epidydymis into body cavity
unites with the seminal vesicle duct/ empties into ejaculatory duct
Bulbourethral Glands
small glands that secrete fluid for lubrication during sex; in response to sexual stimulation
Epididymis
tightly coiled tube connected to testes leading sperm from testes to ductus deferens
sight of sperm maturation
Scrotum
pouch of skin that protects the testes and keeps temperature regulated
Testes
ovoid structures suspended by male
main gonad for male; produces male sex cell(sperm)
Penis
cylindrical organ that is inserted into vagina for sexual intercourse
allows sperm to be delivered into vagina