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Indonesia - living in tectonically active locations - Volcanoes - Coggle…
Indonesia - living in tectonically active locations - Volcanoes
Indonesia's tectonic setting
widespread subduction along the 3000 km length of the Indonesian archipelago
archipelago is an area that contains a chain or group of islands scattered in lakes, rivers or the ocean
there are around 80 volcanoes that have erupted in historic times
more than 3/4 of Indonesia's inhabitants live within 100km of a volcano that has erupted in the past 10,000 years
Indonesia has suffered more eruptions causing fatalities and damage to infrastructure than any other country in the world
most of the island arcs are formed by the indo-australian plate subducting beneath the eurasian plate
lake Toba fills the caldera caused by the super volcano eruption 70,000 years ago
reasons why people choose to live in tectonically active locations
Java's volcanic. soils and its tropical climate allow as many and three crops of rice to be grown in a year
slopes often attract settlement -as agriculture is great due to fertile soils which provides a source of income and a job
only about 3% of Indonesia's total electricity generation comes from geothermal
but the 350 megawatt Sarulla power plant will come online in 2022 and has potential to be the world's largest plant.
In east Java, Indonesia, sulphur is extracted directly from the crater of ljen volcano
thriving tourist industry, providing vast amount of capital for the enconomy
Contribution of the tourism industry to the gross domestic product (GDP) in Indonesia of 2019 is 4.97%
The population density of Japan in 2022 was 327.94 people per Sq Km
population = 273.8 million (2021)
Impacts people. experience as a result of volcanic eruptions -
Merapi Indonesia - strato-volcano which reaches nearly 3000m. Highly active with events in 1994, 1997, 2001, 2006
on each occasion a dome developed in the crater, which eventually collapsed producing pyroclastic flows
VEI 4 eruption between 26 October to 12 November 2010 affected people living around volcano
economic -
Ash falls caused closure of Yogyakarta airport for over a fortnight
ash fall and pyroclastic flows amounting to 130 million m3 of material destroyed crops infrastructure such as buildings, power lines and bridges
acid rain caused damage to surface of the buildings
hectares of farmland was covered in ash
Social -
410,000 in the vicinity of the volcano became refugees
277 injured
367 people were killed from the eruption
large numbers of livestock were killed
environmental -
Lahars fed by ash from the eruptions and earlier eruptions
lava bombs were thrown 4km from the summit in all directions
emissions of sulphur dioxide caused acid rain to fall over a large part of the region
pyroclastic flows extended 4km to the North, 11.5km to the West, 7km to the East ad 15km to the South