Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Berenice Cardenas Per.1 Reproductive System - Coggle Diagram
Berenice Cardenas Per.1 Reproductive System
Major Functions of the Reproductive System (Male & Female)
Male-
the main function of the male reproductive system is to produce testosterone which maintains the system and promotes spermatogenesis, eventually fertilizing a female egg cell
Female-
the main function of the female reproductive system is to create and produce hormones that would help with fertility, menstruation, and sexual activity
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Ovaries- the primary sex organs, responsible for producing oocytes and sex hormones
Medulla-
made up connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
Cortex-
contains ovarian follicles and is covered by cuboidal epithelium
Uterine Tube (fallopian tubes)
- leads from the ovaries to the uterus, the normal site of fertilization
Uterus
- sustains the growing embryo and eventually fetus; has three layers
Vagina-
moves uterine secretions to ousitde the body; receives the penis during sexual intercourse; also is the birthing canal
Labia Majora
- enclose and protect other external reproductive organs
Labia Minora
- form margins of the vestibule; protect openings of vagina and urethra
Clitoris-
responsible for producing feelings of pleasure during sexual stimulation
Vestibule-
space between labia minora that contains vaginal and urethral openings
Vestibular Glands-
secrete fluid that moistens and lubricates vestibule
Hormones of the Reproductive System (Male & Female)
Female Hormones
Around the age of 10 is when the hypothalamus secretes more GnRH, which stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce LH and FSH
Estrogens-
responsible for female secondary sexual characteristics,
! At puberty, the ovaries synthesize estrogens in response to FSH !
Progesterone-
triggers uterine changes during the menstrual cycle
Male Hormones
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-
Triggers the production of gonadotropins from anterior pituitary gland
Luteinizing hormone (LH)-
promotes development of interstitial cells of the testes
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-
stimulates sertoli cells of seminiferous tubules to respond to testosterone
! Testosterone !
stimulates development of male sex organs, and responsible for secondary characteristics
Disorders associated with the Reproductive System
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-
caused by
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),
presents itself through fever, weakness, infection, or cancer; treatment is drugs to delay the symptoms
Chlamydia
- caused by
Chlamydia trachomatis
bacteria
; signs are painful urination and intercourse, mucous discharge from penis/ vagina; treatment is antibiotics
Genital Herpes
- caused by
herpes simplex 2 virus (HSV2
); signs are sores on genitals and fever; treated with antiviral drug (acyclovir)
Genital Warts-
caused by
human papilloma virus (HPV)
, presents itself through warts on genitals; surgical or chemical removal
Gonorrhea
- caused by
neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria
; silent in women but painful urination for men; can be treated with antibiotics
Syphilis-
caused by
treponema pallidum bacteria
; has 3 different stages, each having different symptoms associated with them; is treated with antibiotics
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- may lead to infection and
sterility in females; uterine tube scarring may cause infertility
Methods and Classifications of Contraceptives
! Birth control requires contraception to avoid avoid fertilization and prevent implantation !
Coitus Interruptus-
withdraw of penis from vagina before ejaculation; not very effective since some sperm may reach the vagina
Rhythm Method
- abstinence from sexual intercourse around the time of ovulation; it's difficult to determine ovulation period; not effective
Mechanical Barriers
- prevents sperm from entering the vagina during sexual intercourse
(
ex.condoms, diaphragm, cervical cap)
Chemical Barriers-
contains spermicides, they're more effective used with condoms
(ex. foams, jellies, creams
)
Combined Hormone Contraceptives
- contain estrogens and progesterone to prevent pregnancy; disrupt normal hormonal patterns of the female cycle, and prevent follicle maturation and ovulation
(
ex. chemical ring, patch, oral contraceptives)
Injectable Contraceptives
- injection of a progesterone derivative
prevents follicle maturation and ovulation; works for 3 months
Contraceptive Implants-
rod under the skin (arm) containing progesterone ; prevents follicle maturation and ovulation for 3 years
Intrauterine Device (IUD)-
object implanted inside the uterus; essentially is toxic to sperm and egg cells, prevent prevent implantation of
embryo by inhibiting growth of endometrium, thicken cervical
mucus
Sterilization-
surgical and permanent methods;
vasectomy in males
is removal of a small portion of
the vas deferens, preventing sperm from entering semen;
tubal ligation in females
is cutting of the uterine tubes, preventing
sperm from reaching egg
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Testes- the primary sex organs, responsible for producing sperm and hormones,
Seminiferous tubules
are lined with stratified epithelium that contain spermatogenic cells that give rise to sperm cells
Interstitial cells
lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the male sex hormones
Epididymis
- promotes sperm cell maturation; houses sperm cells; moves sperm cells to ductus deferens
Ductus Deferens
- moves sperm cells to the ejaculatory duct
Seminal Vesicle-
releases a alkaline fluid that regulates the pH of semen
Prostate Gland-
secretes a fluid-filled nutrient important for semen
Bulbourethral Gland
- secretes a fluid that lubricates the end of the penis
Scrotum
- protects the testes, more importantly, regulates temp
Penis-
the external structure, moves urine and semen out of the body, inserted in the vagina during sexual intercourse, and contains sensory nerves that are associated with feelings of pleasure
Events of the Female Hormonal Cycles
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are released by the anterior pituitary gland
FSH stimulates maturation of a dominant follicle
Follicular cells produce and secrete estrogens
Ovulation results from a spike of LH released by the anterior pituitary
Follicular cells develop into corpus luteum cells, which release progesterone and estrogen
In a lack of fertilization, the corpus luteum degenerates and stops secreting progesterone and estrogens
The endometrium's blood vessels constrict as estrogen and progesterone levels drop
Menstruation occurs as a result of the uterine lining's breakdown and shedding
1 more item...