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Concept Map 11: Reproductive System Ashley Thompson - Coggle Diagram
Concept Map 11: Reproductive System
Ashley Thompson
Major Functions of Reproductive System
Develops and maintains organs for production of offspring
have gonads, (testes, ovaries)
Structure of Male Reproductive Organs
Testes: ovoid structures suspended by spermatic cord outside trunk in a sac called the scrotum. There is lobules in testes each hold seminiferous tubules these tubes tubes carry sperm to epididymis which continues to the ductus deferens.
Epididymis: Tightly coiled tube connected to the testis, site of sperm maturation, sperm gets developed to fertilize egg
Ductus Deferens: Muscular tube, leading from epididymis into body cavity, Unites with the seminal vesical duct, and empties into the ejaculatory duct, Ejaculatory duct travels through prostate gland, and empties its contents into the urethra
Seminal Vesicles: Saclike structure attached to the ductus deferens near the base of the urinary bladder, Contains fructose to nourish sperm, Has an alkaline pH, to help regulate pH in vagina
Prostate Gland: Chestnut-shaped structure surrounding the urethra at the base of theurinary bladder, help with secretion of thin milky whit fluid, semen, helps liquify it
Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Glands: small glands located inferior to prostate gland
Semen: thin, white, milky liquid secretes through prostate through stimulation, comes out of urethra. contains many sperm cells.
Scrotum: A pouch of skin and subcutaneous tissue that houses the testes, Suspended from the lower abdomen, posterior to the penis, regulates temp. of testes
Penis: Cylindrical organ that conveys both urine and semen to the outside, has special erectile tissue called the corpora cavenosa and corpus spongiosum.
Structure of Female Reproductive Organs
Ovary: Solid, ovoid structures located within the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity, subdivision: medulla and cortex.
Uterine tubes: lead from the ovaries to the uteris, cells lining tubes have cilia which beat in unison, which draws egg cells to uterine tube.
Uterus: hollow, muscular organ, Receives embryo from uterine tube, and maintains development of the embryo and then fetus. has a three layer wall, endometrium inner layer, myometrium middle layer, and perimetrium outer layer.
Vagina: Fibromuscular tube that extends from uterus to the outside, the vaginal area has three layer.
Labia Mijora: Enclose and protect other external reproductive organs; correspond to the scrotum of the male, have anterior ends that make up mons pubis.
Labia minora: Flattened, longitudinal folds between the labia majora, Form a hood around the clitoris
Clitoris: Small projection at anterior end of vulva, between labia Minora, is like penis but is smaller and also contains a lot of erectile tissue like penis.
Vestibule: Space enclosed by the labia minora, into which the vagina and urethra open, lie between vaginal opening and lubricates vaginal opening. is like bulbourethral glands in male.
Hormones of Reproductive System (Female and Male)
Male hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and testes.
Testosterone: stimulates development of reproductive organs. Responsible for other sexual characteristics in a male, growth in muscles and bones, body hair, deepening of voice, and skin thickness.
Other male hormones: GnRH: secreted by hypothalamus, and triggers the anterior pituitary to release gonatropinin. there is also, LH: promotes development of intersitial cells and testes, which helps secrete testosterone. FSH and testosterone stimulates spermatogenesis.
Female hormones secretes by hypothalamus, pituitary glands, and ovaries.
at 10 years of age hypthalamus secretes GnRH which then stimulates LH and FSH in the anterior pituitary gland. There is estrogen and progesterones which are produced by ovaries, adrenal cortex, and placenta (during pregnancy):
Estrogen: produce in response to FSH. is also responsible for female secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development, sex organ enlargement, increased adipose tissue deposition, and increased vascularization of the skin
Progesterone: for non-pregnant females, triggers menstrual cycle.
Androgens: produce some changes at puberty,
such as growth of pubic and axillary hair; low androgen
concentration allows the broadening of the hips
Methods of Contraceptives
Coitus Interruptus, Rhythm Method, Mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, combined hormone contraceptives, Injections, Sterilization, IUDs, and Contraceptive implants
Events of Female Hormonal Cycle
In absence of fertilization, corpus luteum degenerates, hormone levels decline, new blood vessels constrict, uterine lining disintegrates and is shed as the menstrual flow
Remnant of the dead corpus luteum is small corpus albicans
• Beginning of the menstrual bleeding is considered the first day of the next menstrual cycle
Also, when estrogen and progesterone levels fall, the secretion of FSH and LH increases, and a new antral follicle will start to mature