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Instructional Systems(chap2) - Coggle Diagram
Instructional Systems(chap2)
Definition
An instructional system may be defined as an arrangement of resources and procedures used to promote learning.
3 Functions
(1) identifying the outcomes of the
instruction
(2) developing the instruction
(3) evaluating the effectiveness of the instruction.
Stages
Stage 1 Instructional Goals
A goal may be defined as a desirable state of affairs
Stage 2 Instructional Analysis. 1.The purpose of instructional analysis is to determine the skills involved in reaching a goal. 2.Another kind of instructional analysis is an information-processing analysis 3.An important outcome of instructional analysis is classification.
Stage 3: Entry Behaviors and Learner Characteristics
The purpose is to determine which of the required enabling skills the learners bring to the learning task. (this step is often conducted in parallel with stage 2)
Stage 4: Performance Objectives.
At this stage, it is necessary to translate the needs and goals into performance objectives that are sufficiently specific and detailed to show progress toward the goals.
Stage 5: Criterion-Referenced Test Items.
First, they can be used for diagnosis and placement within a curriculum.Another purpose is to check the results of student learning during the progress of a lesson.
Stage 6: Instructional Strategy.
Mean a plan for assisting the learners with their study efforts for each performance objective.The planning of an instructional strategy is an important part of the instructional design process. Designer must be able to combine knowledge of learning and design theory with his experience of learners and objectives.
Stage 7: Instructional Materials.
Printed or other media intended to convey events of instruction.
Stage 8: Formative Evaluation.
Formative evaluation provides data for revising and improving instructional materials.
Stage 9: Summative Evaluation.
Studies of the effectiveness of a system as a whole are called summative evaluations
Educational system design
Many different models may be used to describe the process of instructional design as applied to total educational systems. Models for the most comprehensive level must include analyses of needs, goals, priorities, resources, and
other environmental and social factors affecting the educational system.
Resources, Constraints, and Alternative Delivery Systems
The basic decision about instructional deliver can directly affect the kind of personnel, media, materials, and learning activities that can be carried on to reach the goals.
Teacher Preparation
The special training of current teachers in the development and dissemination of new instructional systems.
Installation and Diffusion
After an acceptable degree of merit is shown in one or more summative evaluations, the new system (course, or curriculum) is ready for widespread adoption and regular use.
