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Reproductive System D'Anna Contreras Per.1 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System D'Anna Contreras Per.1
Major functions of the Reproductive system: develops/maintains organs for production of offspring
male: delivers sperm to female
female: houses/nourishes developing embryo/fetus
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
labia majora: enclose/protects external reproductive organs
labia minora: form margins of vestibule; protect openings of vagina and urethra
vagina: conveys uterine secretions to outside of body; receives erect penis during sexual intercourse ; provides a passageway of offspring during birth process
clitoris: produces feelings of pleasrue during sexual stimulation due to abundant sensory nerve endings in glans
uterus: protects/sustains embryo during permanency
vestibule: space between labia minora that contains vaginal/urethral openings
uterine tube: conveys secondary oocyte toward uterus; site of fertilization; conveys developing embryo to uterus
vestibular glands: secrete fluid that moistens/lubricates vestibule
ovary: produce oocytes and female sex hormones
Hormones of reproductive system
male
luteinizing hormone (LH): promotes development of interstitial cells of the testes. which then secrete male hormones
follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) stimulates steroli cells of seminiferous tubules to respond to testosterone
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH): secreted by hypothalamus
androgens: male sex hormones
testosterone: stimulates development for male reproductive rgans
female
androgens: produce some changes at puberty, such as growth of pubic/axillary hair
GnRH: secretion form the hypothalamus causes secretion of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary
progesterone: triggers uterine changes during the menstrual cycle
FSH: stimulates the maturation of a follicle in the ovary
estrogens: responsible for female secondary sexual characteristics, like breast development, sex organ enlargement, increased adipose tissue deposition, and increased vascularization
LH: stimulates cells to produce testosterone precursors, which can be converted into estrogens in the ovary
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
hepatitis: an inflammation of the liver
trichomoniasis: very common STD caused by infection with trichomonas virginals
gonorrhea: an STD that can cause infection in the genitals, rectum, and throat
AIDS/HIV: HIV is a virus that attacks the body's immune system, if not treated, it can lead to AIDS
chlamydia: a common STD that can cause infection among both men/women, can cause permanent damage to a women's reproductive system
HPV/ genital warts: most common sexually transmitted infection in the US
genital herpes: an STD caused by the herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1/type 2 (HSV-2)
PID: pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection of a women's reproductive organs
syphilis: an STI that can cause serious health problems without treatment
bacteria; vaginosis: a condition that happens when there is too much of certain bacteria in the vagina. damages the normal bacteria in the vagina
Methods and Classification of contraceptives
diaphragm: prevent sperm form entering vagina during sexual intercourse
mechanical
internal condom: prevent sperm from entering vagina during sexual intercourse
mechanical
pill: contains hormones that block the release of eggs from the ovaries
chemical
external condom: prevent sperm from entering vagina during sexual intercourse
mechanical
injectable: injection of a progesterone derivative prevents follicle maturation/ovulation
chemical/surgical
fertility awareness: abstinence from sexual intercourse around time of ovulation
behavioral
IUD: objects implanted in the uterus are either toxic to sperm/egg cells or prevent implantation of embryo by inhibiting growth of endometrium
mechanical/chemical
withdrawal: withdrawal of penis from vagina before ejaculation
behavioral
male sterilization: surgical method of permanently preventing pregnancy (removal of a small portion of the vas deferens, preventing sperm from entering semen)
chemical/surgical
spermicides: has estrogen/progestins to prevent pregnancy
chemical
female sterilization: surgical method of permanently preventing pregnancy (cutting of the uterine tubes, preventing sperm from reaching eggs)
chemical/surgical
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
ductus deferens: conveys sperm cells to ejactulatory ducts
seminal vesicle: secrets an alkaline fluid containing nutrients/prostaglandins that helps regulate pH of semen
epididymis: promotes sperm cell maturation; stores sperm cells; conveys sperm cells to ductus deferens
prostate gland: secrets a fluid that contains citrate, a nutrient for sperm
bulbourethral gland: secrets fluid that lubricates end of penis
scrotum: encloses, protects, and regulates temperature of testes
testis
seminiferous tubules: produce sperm cells
interstitial cells: produce/secrete male sex hormones
penis: conveys urine/semen to outside of body; inserted into vagina during sexual intercourse; glans penis is richly supplied with sensory nerve endings associated with feelings of pleasure during sexual stimulation
Events of the female hormonal cycles
follicular cells become corpus luteum cells, which secrete estrogens/progesterone
if the secondary oocyte is not fertilized, the corpus luteum degenerates and no longer secretes estrogens/progesterone
the anterior pituitary releases a surge of LH, which leads to ovulation
as the concentrations of estrogens/progesterone decline, blood vessels in the endometrium constrict
Follicular cells produce/secrete estrogens
the uterine lining disintegrates/sloughs off, producing a menstrual flow
FSH stimulates maturation of a dominant follicle
the anterior pituitary gland is no longer inhibited and again secretes FSH/LH
th anterior pituitary gland secretes FSH/LH
the menstrual cycle repeats