Dulce Zavaleta The Reproductive system Period 5

Anatomy of male reproductive structures

The anatomy of the male reproductive system involves the Testes, Edpididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra, prostate, seminal glands, and bulbo-urethral glands.

Testes: The sperm-producing Male gonads that tie within the scrotum. (The balls)

Epididymis: The Epididymis is a narrow, higly coiled tube that is attached to the testicles.

Ductus deferens: The Ductus deferens passes through the inguinal canal to the pelvic cavity and joins a duct of seminal vesicle to from the ejaculatory duct.

Urethra: The urethra conveys both urine and semen.

Seminal Glands: Contains smooth muscle that contracts during ejaculation and produces viscous alkaline seminal fluid.

Prostate: Consists of smooth muscle that contracts during ejaculatio and makes a milky acid fluid.

Bulbo-urethral glands: The Bulbo-urethral glands makes a thick, clear mucus during sexual arousal

Anatomy of female reproductive structures

The Female reproductive structure consist of Ovaries, Uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, cervix, & the Clitoris.

Ovaries: Are paried structres that flank the uterus, are almond shaped and twice as larged.

Uterine Tubes: The Uterine tubes also known as the fallopian tubes recive ovulated oocyte and are the usual site of fertilization.

Uterus: Is a hollow, thick-walled and muscular organ whos function is to recive, retain, and nourish fertilized ovum.

The Vagina: Is a thin-walled tube and has the functions as a birth canal, passageway for menstrual flow, and organ of copulation.

Cervix: The cervix is a narrow neck, or outlet and projects into vagina.

Clitoris: Is anterior to the vestibule and has erectile tissue.

Hormones of the reproductive system (male and female)

The Male hormones include Testosterone, FSH, LH,GnRH, and Inhibin.

The Female Hormones include estrogens, progesterone, inhibin, FSH, & LH.

Testosterone: Is the male hormone made in the testes and help the boy develop male like features.

FSH: In males Follicle stimulating hormone is used to help control the production in sperm and is relased from the pituitary gland.

LH: Lutheinizing hormone is relased from the anterior pituitary gland and is used to produced testosterone.

GnRH: Makes the testes to produce testosterone.

Inhinin: Exerts negative feedback on FSH from anterior pituitary.

Estrogens: Estrogen promotes oogenesis and follicle growth in ovary and for developing female characteristics.

Progesterone: Helps establish and regulare the uterine cycle and helps promotes changes in the cervical mucus.

FSH: Follicle stimulating hormone helps control the menstrual cycle and production of eggs by the ovaries.

LH: Lutheinizing hormones triggers the creation of steroid hormones from the ovaries.

Inhinin: Exerts negative feedback on FSH from anterior pituitary.

Major functions of the Reproductive system (male and female)

Males:

The Major functions of the male reproductive system is to form sex called called gametes known as sperm, bring the male and the female gametes together though sexual intercourse, combine genetic info within the gametes through fertilization. So its 1st make, transport and maintain sperm, 2nd implant the sperm into the female through sex, and lastly make male hormones that are responsible for maintaining the male reproductive system.

Female:

The Major functions of the Female reproductive system is producing female gametes known as the Ova, creates hormones for the female reproductive system, responsible for the Follicular phase & Luteal phase, responsible for fertility, menstrual cycle, and cares for the child while pregnant.

Disorders associated with the reproductive system (including STI’s)

Syphilis: A sexually transmitted disease that can have very serious complications when left untreated, but simple to cure. It can be treated with antibiotics and one way to prevent it is to not have sex.

Genital Herpes: A sexually transmitted disease caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2. It can be treated with antiviral meds and prevents with no sex and latex condoms.

Chlamydia: Sexually transmitted disease caused by bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis and can be treated with antibiotics and prevented by having no sex.

Gonorrhea: Sexually transmitted disease and affects both genders and infection in genitals, rectum, and throat. Can be treated with medication and prevented by not having sex.

Hepatitis: sexually transmitted disease that is an inflammation of the liver and can be treated with medication and prevented with no sex.

Bacterial Vaginosis: Is to much bacteria in the vagina and changed the balance and can be treated by medication and prevented by not douching.

Trichomoniasis: A sexually transmitted disease that is caused by a parasite and can be treated with antibiotics and prevented with no sex.

AIDS/HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus and destroys important cells that fight diseases and infection. It's not curable, but can be tamed by medication and can be prevented by not having sex.

Genital Warts: A sexually transmitted disease caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 and can be prevented by antiviral medication and and be prevented by not having sex and using latex condoms.

PID: Pelvic Inflammatory disease if an infection of the womens reproductive system organs and can be treated by antibiotics and can be prevented by not having sex or using latex condoms.

Methods and Classification of contraceptives

Female Sterilization: Sterilization surgery for women and its effectiveness is 1 out of 100 women and side effects include pain, bleeding, and infection.

Male Sterilization: Sterilization surgery for men and less than 1 out of 100 women get pregnant and side effects include pain, bleeding, and infection.

IUD: IUD Copper and IUD with Progestin and its effectiveness is less than 1 out of 100 women and side effects include cramps, longer periods, and pelvic pain.

Injectables: Shot/ injections (LARC) requires a shot every 3 months. Its effectiveness is 6 per 100 women and side effects include loss of bone density, headaches, and dizziness.

Pill: Just swallow a pill and its effectiveness is 9 per 100 women and side effects include nausea, headaches, and breast feeling tender.

Diaphragm: Diaphragm with spermicide and use every time you have sex and its effectiveness is 12 out of 100 women and side effects include infections.

Internal condom: Condom that is inserted in the vagina and is 95% effectiveness and side effects include irritation.

External Condom: A protective sheath that is put over the penis and the effectiveness is 13 out of 100 women and side effects are irritation and having an allergic reaction.

Withdrawal: Pulling out penis out of vagina before ovulation and the effectiveness is 20 out of 100 and has no side effects.

Events of the female hormonal cycles (be sure to include all categories)

Ovulation cycle: Each month after puberty an egg is released in between the Follicular and the Luteal phase.

Follicular Phase: Several Vesicular follicles become sensitive to FSH and are stimulated to grow while FSH levels drop in the middle of the Follicular phase while other non-dominated follicles undergo atresia.

Luteal Phase: After ovulation the ruptured follicle collapses and the antrum fills with clotted blood in which the remaining cells form into corpus Luteum and these cells create progesterone and estrogen. If there is no pregnancy corpus luteum degenerates into corpus albicans, but if pregnancy occurs the corpus luteum makes hormones until the placenta takes over.

Menstrual phase: The menstrual phase is the cyclic series of changes in the endometrium that occur in response to the fluctuating ovarian hormone levels. This is when Ovarian hormones are at lowest levels and gonadotropin levels start to rise and the menstrual phase last 3-5 days.

Proliferation Phase: Estrogen levels prompt a generation of new stratum functionalis layer and is when more estrogen increases synthesis of the progesterone receptors.

Secretory phase: Is when the endometrium preps the embryo to implant, but if there's no pregnancy occurs corpus luteum degenerates towards the end of the secretory phase and progesterone levels fall. Then the cycle starts all over on the 1st day of menstruation.