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Cross-Cultural Communication - Coggle Diagram
Cross-Cultural Communication
Non-verbal communication in interviews (Fontes, p.80-110)
The nonverbal world (Fontes, p.81-82)
We are constantly communicating nonverbally posture, facial expressions, hand gestures (Fontes, p.81)
Most nonverbal communication is a mix of learned and innate behavior (Fontes, p.82)
Gestures; help us communicate and help us think (Fontes, p.83-85)
Pointing and beckoning; we need to be careful about pointing, it can be very offensive (Fontes, p.83-84)
Risky gestures; A-OK sign, thumbs up, closed fist, crossing fingers, making a "V", twisting your hand like screwing in a lightbulb, avoid these! (Fontes, p.84-85)
Greeting and taking leave; in the US often seems rushed to people from other countries, greet people in order of seniority (Fontes, p.86)
Showing attentiveness; avoid showing impatience through yawning, scratching, stretching or grooming one's hair (Fontes, p.88-89)
Posture; can covey your authority, how much you like a person, how relaxed you are, and whether you pose a threat (Fontes, p.89-91)
Gait; conveys a great deal about our mood, gender, culture, health and age (Fontes, p.91)
Communicating with eyes; the presence or absence of eye contact should not be used to judge truthfulness, attentiveness, or engagement (Fontes, p.91-93)
Expressing emotions; the appropriate nonverbal display to accompany a given emotion varies by culture (Fontes, p.93-95)
Expressing pain and distress; people from many cultures learn to be stoic and are unlikely to show their pain (Fontes, p.96-98)
Touch; err on the side of caution, touch can be problematic (Fontes, p.98-101)
Personal space; elbow cultures vs. fingertip cultures (Fontes, p.101-103)
Smiling and laughing; can stem from a variety of feelings in different cultures (Fontes, p.103-104)
Signs of agreement and disagreement; nodding and shaking the head mean different things in different cultures (Fontes, p.105)
Clothing and tattoos; try to withhold judgement (Fontes, p.106-108)
Communication in cross-cultural perspective (Johnson, p.65-87)
Challenges in cross-cultural communication; barriers are like an iceberg, many things we don't see beneath the surface (Johnson, p.67-68)
Contexting as a communication bridge (Johnson, p.69-75)
Low-context people; direct and straightforward (Johnson, p.71)
High-context people; ambiguous, indirect and non-confrontational (Johnson, p.71)
We must develop empathy and interpathy to understand each other (Johnson, p.75)
Non-verbal communication; caution is in order when we seek to interpret nonverbal communication, use the experimental approach to learn the "rules" in a different culture (Johnson, p.77)
Polychronic-contact cultures; prefers closer distances, more body movement (Johnson, p.78)
Noncontact-monochronic cultures; prefer more distance, use less body movements (Johnson, p.78)
Communication in theological perspective; we need to lean toward the Jesus Culture in our cross-cultural pastoral care; find common ground with the other (Johnson, p.79-81)
How to leverage communication patterns (Rosinski, p.153-
High context vs. low context (Rosinski, p.154-160)
High context; rely on implicit communication, appreciate the meaning of gesture, posture, voice and context (Rosinski, p.154-160)
Low context; rely on explicit communication, favor clear and detailed instructions (Rosinski, p.154-160)
Direct vs. indirect (Rosinski, p.161-168)
Direct; in a conflict people get the point across clearly even at the risk of offending (Rosinski, p.161-167)
Indirect; in a conflict people maintain a cordial relationship at the risk of misunderstanding (Rosinski, p.
Affective vs. neutral (Rosinski, p.165-168)
Affective; display emotions and warmth when communicating, establish and maintain personal and social connections (Rosinski, p.165-168)
Neutral; stress concise, precision, and detachment when communication (Rosinski, p.165-168)
Formal vs. informal (Rosinski, p.168-175)
Formal; observe strict protocols and rituals (Rosinski, p.168-175)
Informal; favor familiarity and spontaneity (Rosinski, p.168-175)
How to leverage modes of thinking (Rosinski, p.177-191)
Deductive vs. induction (Rosinski, p.177-183)
Deductive; emphasize concepts, theories, and general principles, through logical reasoning derive practical applications and solutions (Rosinski, p.177-183)
Inductive; start with experiences, concrete situations, and cases, uses intuition, formulate general models and theories (Rosinski, p.177-183)
Analytical vs. systemic (Rosinski, p.183-191)
Analytical; separate a whole into its constituent elements, dissect a problem into smaller chunks (Rosinski, p.183-191)
Systemic, assemble the parts into a cohesive whole, explore connections between elements and focus on the entire system (Rosinski, p.183-191)