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Reproductive system Jocelyn Villa - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive system
Jocelyn Villa
Major Functions of Rep system.
Male rep system:
gonads aka testes produces sperm
male system delivers sperm to female
produce male sex hormones that maintain the reproductive system.
Female rep system:
secreting female hormones like astrogen
uterus provides site for embryo to be planted
gives birth, nurtures, and provides environment for baby/embryo
Anatomy of male reproductive structures:
Testes: ovoid structures suspended by spermatic cord outside trunk in a sac, the scrotum
, each testes consists of 250 lobules separated by connective tissue septa, each lobule holds 1-4 coiled seminiferous tubules(are lined Ruth strat epithelium that contain spermatogenic cells that give rise to sperm cells, channels leading from seminiferous tubules carry sperm to the epididymus, which continues into the ductus deferons.
Penis:
cylindrical organ that conveys urine and semen
special erectile tissue stiffens for sexual intercourse
corpus spongiosum
Epididymis:
tightly coiled tube connected to the testis leading from testes to ductus
ductus deferens:
muscular tube, leading from epididymus into body cavity
unites with the seminal vesicle and into ejaculatory duct
seminal vesicle:
sack like struct attached to vas deferns near urinary bladder
contains fructose
Anatomy of Female Rep system
Ovary Struct:
solid ovoid Structs located within lateral wall of pelvic cavity, they’re subdivided into an inner medulla and outer cortex.
Each consists of primary octet surrounded by follicular cells
uterine tubed aka fallopian tubes a lead from ovary to uterus
the uterus is a hollow and muscular organ where the embryo is recieved and where it grows, the upper two thirds are the cervix , the uterine wall has three layers
Vagina: is a fibromascular tube that extends from uterus to outside, vaginal orifice partially covered by membrane called the hymen, vaginal wall has three layers, conveys uterine secretion, receives penis during sex, and is the birthing canal
Labia Minora:
flattened, longitudinal folds between labra majora and forms a hood around clitoris
clitoris:
small projection of anterior end of vulva between labia minora
corresponds to penis and has sim structure
contains columns of erectile tissue
Vestibule:
space enclosed by labia minora, into which the vagina and urethra open
-vestibular glands lie on either side of vagonalopening; correspond to bulb urethral glands and provides lubrication.
Hormones of rep system
Female sex hormones:
Hormones secreted by hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and ovaries female rep. Maturation of sex cells and development of secondary sexual characteristics
at abt age 10 hypothalamus begins to secrete more gnRh which in turn stims anterior pituitary to produce LH and FSH
2 groups of female sex hormones are prod. By ovary, adrenal cortex, and placenta (during pregnancy)
estrogens and progesterone
Androgens produce some changes at puberty such as growth of Pubic and axillary hair; low androgen concentration allows the broadening of hips.
Men:
male rep function is controlled by hormones secreted by hypothalamus anterior pituitary and testes
hormones control dev and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics
sperm cell production
at time of puberty, hypothalamus controls many changes that lead to the dev of a reproductively functional adult
GnRh secreted by hypothalamus
triggers prod of gonadotropins from anterior pituitary gland
LH promotes dev of interstitial cells of testes Schubert then secrete male hormones aka testosterone
follicle tubules resp to testosterone
fsh and testosterone stim spermatogenesis
steroli cells also secrete inhibin, which exerts neg feedback on the release of FSH; prevents oversecretion
Events of female hormonal cycle
Follicle maturation:
Earlly follicle maturation involves enlargement of follicle, proliferation of follicular cells and formation of a fluid filled cavity called antrum
then cells grow abt 10 mm ancestor primary oocyte is now surrounded by a clear layer, the zone pellucida and several layers of follicular cells the corona radiata
primary oocyte and surrounding layers is the egg
each month up tp 20 primary follicles start maturation but only 1 dominant follicle completes maturation while others degenerate
usually only one mature cell is react for ovulation every 2o days
Ovulation: process of releasing the secondary oocyte and first polar body from the mature Amtrak follicle and surface of ovary
Progesterone: causes endometrium to become more vascular and uterine glands to secrete nutrients for a possible embryo
menstural flow:
Remnant of the dead corpus luteum is small corpus albicans, beginning of the menstural bleeding is considered first day of the next menstural cycle
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
AIDS:
cause: human immunodeficiency virus
symptoms: fever, weakness, infections, cancer
treatment: drugs to treat or delay symptoms
Chlamydia:
cause: bacteria
symp: painful urunation and intercourse, mucous discharge from penis or vagina
treatments: antibiotics
Genital herpes:
cause: herpes simplex 2 virus
symp: genital sores, fever
treat: antiviral drug
Génital warts:
human papilloma virus
symp: warts on genitals
treatment: chemical or surgical removal
Gonnoreah:
cause: Niesseria goorrhoeae bacteria
symp: in women none, in men painful urination
treat: antibiotics
Syphilis:
treponema pallidum bacteria
symp: Ch acre on genitals, 6 months later is a rash, years later no symptoms, damage to heart, liver, and nerves, brain
treatment: antibiotics
Methods and classifications of contraceptives
Coitus interruptus:
withdrawal of penis from vagina before ejaculation; not effective
Rhythm method: abstinence from sexual intercourse around time of ovulation; not effective
Mechanical barriers: prevent sperm from entering vagina during sexual intercourse
Chemical barriers: contain spermicides; are more effective when used w/ a condom
Combined hormone contraceptives: contain estrogen and progestins to prevent pregnancy, disrupt normal hormonal patterns of female cycle and prevent follicle maturation
Injectable contraception: injection of a progesterone derivative prevents follicle maturation and ovulation; works for three months
Contraceptive implants:
implantation of a rod contains progestins under skin in arm
IUD’s:
implanted in uterus are either toxic to sperm and egg cells or prevent implantation of embryo by inhibiting growth of endometrium thicken cervical mucus
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