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The Cold War (1945-1990), Competitive nature of the U.S. and U.S.S.R. -…

- - - - The Cuban Missile Crisis
      - Hiroshima and Nagasaki
    - - The Marshall Plan/ Truman Doctrine
        
        Used U.S. aid to support countries from poverty/prevent fall to Communism
      - Comecon #
  - - - Spreading amongst Europe
        
        Bulgaria, Romania, and Poland
        
        Contain ideologies to origin country-fearful of the other #
      - Karl Marx and Marxism
  - - - Disagreement with the division of Poland
        
        Polish leaders fled to Britain to set up government in exile. Were hostile towards Soviets
        
        Stalin refused democratic elections
    - - The Soviets wanted a weak Germany-perhaps even further weakened
      - The Western Powers wanted a stronger Germany to avoid it falling to Communism
- - - - President Truman elected, provoking further threats towards the Soviet Union
        
        Saw Soviets domination as act of aggression
- - - - Stalin rose to power following Russian revolution of 1917
        
        Harsh dictatorship
        
        Wanted to avoid anti-Communist invasion
        
        Created barrier against the West
        
        After Stalin passed, U.S.S.R. was de-Stalinized by Kruschev #
  - - - Hungarians saw as opportunity to break from U.S.S.R.
        
        Fearful of democracy, the U.S.S.R. invaded Hungary, killing 30,000, including the future democratic leader
    - - Believed Communism would be undermined as result
  - - - Restructuring the economy by opening it to private enterprise
        
        Designed to boost economy and spark innovation
    - - Political openness from the government
        
        Designed to eliminate corruption
- - - - Berlin still resided in Soviet zone of world
        
        West depended on good will for trade transport
        
        Stalin closed routes
        
        Berlin airlift
      - Allies built West Berlin as showcase for the success of Capitalism
      - Wall built in 1961 by Stalin to stabilize Communist economy
  - - - Allies wanted a free and independent Korea
        
        Soviets ruled North, Americans ruled South
        
        Soviets placed Kim in as puppet in North Koreas
        
        Wanted to bring Korea together
        
        Invaded South #
        
        Created dictatorship
    - - Pitched South Korea and the U.S. against China, North Korea, and the Soviets
        
        U.S. felt it was war against international Communism, feared larger war, and wanted to work out an armistice
      - Media shared the abundance of harsh war tactics that the U.S. was using
        
        5 Million soldiers and civilians lost their lives
        
        Created a lot of racism and prejudice in the U.S.
      - Once reached stalemate, armistice signed
  - - - Battle fought between the U.S. and Vietnamese Communism
        
        The U.S. thought they were fighting Communism, when in reality, they were misunderstanding the Vietnamese desire for freedom
      - U.S. lost a lot of support after media shared harsh war tactics, including Lai Mai, and not understanding the motives for the war
      - The U.S. left Vietnam in 1973 defeated, and Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia were Communist nations by 1975
- - - - Revealed fragility of human politics and power
    - - Resided too closely to the U.S.
        
        Continuous defence readiness
        
        U.S. and U.S.S.R. agreed to remove missiles to resolve crisis
    - - President Kennedy attempted to overthrow Cuban government
- - - - Yet ceased to exist within a year
    - - Glasnost led to loss of control over media and public. It ruined the Soviet's credibility. Many protests and reforms.
      - Perestroika was unsuccessful as there were shortages of resources, rations, and queueing for scarce goods
    - - Soviets suppressed information from public
        
        Didn't make announcement until 18 days after disaster
  - - - Public disagreed, created outbursts in Ukraine