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LIKELY EXAM QS - Coggle Diagram
LIKELY EXAM QS
IMPACT OF ___ ON US FOREIGN POLICY
McCarthyism
led to US involvement in China, Korea etc - Truman wanted to shake of image that he was 'soft' on Communism
adoption of NSC-68 - less isolationist, tripled military expenditure, reconstruction of Japan
Truman and Eisenhower felt need to prove themselves abroad
Chinese Civil War
led to Defensive perimeter and NSC-68
Truman seen as 'losing' Cold War - consolidated capitalism in Japan Reverse Course
Combination of China Comm and USSR nuke = shifted balance of Cold War - US more global perspective
Korean War
shifted Cold War balance of power towards USSR with China emergence
US intervention/involvement in Asia increased - needed for containment
FRG allowed to arm and into NATO - military dimension to Cold War
intervention in foreign war became the norm - i.e. China, Taiwan etc
Eisenhower New Look
increase in nuclear spending and use as a deterrent/accessory to negotiations
continuation of support for anti-Communist regimes e.g. Diem, formation of anti-Comm alliances - CONTAINMENT AND DOMINO THEORY
massive retaliation and brinkmanship - Taiwan Straits crises ultimately resolved by US nuclear threat and unwillingness to back down
EFFICACY OF US CONTAINMENT STRATEGY IN ASIA
China
YES
NO
China became Communist despite 200m funding from US for KMT
PRC pact with USSR = threat to USSR power in Cold War
Ended up biting them in Korean War
Korea
YES
contained Communism
used UN to intervene - got most of the world onside morally
defended from invasion, appeared as 'world policeman'
NO
Eisenhower didn't roll back Communism as he said he would
Could have unified Korea but went too far and threatened China - MacArthur
Communism survived, not even peace
Taiwan
YES
maintained KMT regime in Taiwan, recognised as China
USSR were cautious to intervene due to fear of US
held off and didn't cede Quemoy despite shelling
NO
Taiwan still point of tension that China could use to pressure US
China had used Taiwan to emphasise US as a threat to USSR
US GOVT
Eisenhower New Look - impact
Truman Containment
aggressive foreign policy not afraid to confront Communism in Europe and Asia
reliant on nuclear monopoly for ability to act freely in preventing spread of Communism