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BACKGROUND TO THE SOVIET REVOLUTION, image, image, image, image, image,…
BACKGROUND TO THE SOVIET REVOLUTION
TSARIST RUSSIA
economy
based on agriculture
poverty was widespread
low living
the industrialization of the city began
autocratic monarchy
the tsar exercised power
absolute ruler
corrupt bureaucracy
backed by
feudal aristocracy
Orthodox Church
20th century
150 million inhabitants
population diversity
political opposition
end of the 19th century
marxist inspired
Russian Social-Democratic Worker's Party (RSDWP)
worker class revolution
in 1905 splitted in two groups
Bolsheviks
defended seizure of power
committed workin-class minority
leader: Vladimir Lenin
Menshevicks
more moderate
favoured an alliance with reformist liberalism
leader: Julius Martov
eliminate injustice and inequality
opposition tied to the cultural elite
base on liberal European tradition
FROM THE REVOLUTION OF 1905 TO THE GREAT WAR
Far East
Russian and Japanese imperialism competed
Both wanted to control Korea and Manchuria
these led to the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
Russia was defeated
they developed serious problems
social
economic
political
led to a crisis and many strikes
forces opposing tsarism
tried to take control over a revolution
people begged the tsar for living improvements
the army repressed thousands
there were thousands of victims
the massacre of men (Bloody Sunday)
marked the rupture between the people and the tsar
wave of popular outrage
political strikes
it was the main weapon at that time
First Soviet formed in St. Petersburg (Empire's capital)
play a fundamental role in the revolution
consisted of
army
soldiers
peasants
1905
the revolutionaries didn't succeed in taking power
they continued to pressurized the tsar to make reforms
agrarian reform
distribution of lands
create social base
to support liberal regime
cancelled in 1911
assasination of Prime Minister Pyotr Stolypin
Duma/ National Legislative Assembly
controlled by the tsar
equivalent of parliament
establishment of limited individual and citizens' liberties
summer of 1014
the Great World War began
Russia was initially defeated
Tsar Nicholas II took military control (1915)
he didn't prevent the collapse
poor living conditions continued
war worsened economic and social situation
there was demoralization of the army
Russian Empire in 1914
covered an intense territory
inagurated trans-Siberian Railroad
Connect Europe with remote Russian regions
inagurated 1904
