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Physical Layer - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Larger core
      - Uses less expensive LEDs
      - LEDs transmit at different angles
      - Up to 10 Gbps over 550 meters
    - - Uses expensive lasers
      - Long-distance applications
      - Very small core
- - - - Throughput = The measure of the transfer of bits across the media over a given period of time
      - Goodput = Throughput - traffic overhead
      - Latency = amount of time(including delays) for data to travel between devices
- - - - The outer jacket protects from physical damage
      - Braided or foil shield provides EMI/RFI protection
      - Color-coded plastic insulation isolates the wires and gives identification from each other
    - - A woven copper braid, or metallic foil, acts as the second wire in the circuit and as a shield for the inner conductor.
      - -A layer of flexible plastic insulation
      - Outer cable jacket to prevent minor physical damage
      - A copper conductor is used to transmit the electronic signals.
    - - Protect the signal from interference
      - Color-coded plastic insulation isolates the wires and gives identification from each other
      - The outer jacket protects from physical damage
      - To limit crosstalk :-
        Cancellation - Each wire in a pair of wires uses opposite polarity. One wire is negative, the other wire is positive. They are twisted together and the magnetic fields effectively cancel each other and outside EMI/RFI.
        Variation in twists per foot in each wire - Each wire is twisted a different amount, which helps prevent crosstalk amongst the wires in the cable.