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MEDIA - PAPER 2 - ETHNICITY - Coggle Diagram
MEDIA - PAPER 2 - ETHNICITY
Van Dijk (1991)
Conducted content analysis of tens of thousands of news items across the world over several decades and found that representations of black people could be categorised into three stereotypically negative types of news
Ethnic Minorities as criminals
Ethnic minorities as a threat
Ethnic minorities as unimportant
Minority groups as criminals
Wayne et al (2007)
Wayne et al found that 50% of new stories concerning young black people dealt with them committing crime
Cushion et al
Analysed Sunday newspapers, nightly television news + radio news over a 16 week period in 2008 + found that black young men + boys were regularly associated with negative news values - nearly 70% of stories were related to crime, especially violent gang crime
They further pointed out that black crime is often represented as senseless or as motivated by gang rivalries, which little discussion of the broader social and economic context
Back (2002)
Conducted discourse analysis of inner-city race disturbances and argued that the media tends to label them as riots, which implies they are irrational and conjures up images of rampaging mobs, which in turn justifies a harsh clampdown by the police
There is little consideration given to the view that such disturbances may be the result of legitimate concerns, such as responses to police and societal racism, which need to be taken seriously
Minority groups as a threat
Recent years, moral panics have been constructed around:
Immigrants
, who are seen as a threat in terms of their numbers + impacts on jobs + welfare services
Refugees and Asylum seekers
– analysis from the ICAR in 2005 noted that asylum seekers were often portrayed as being a threat to British social cohesion and national identity, with such people often blamed for social unrest
Muslims
- who are often portrayed as the 'enemy within'
Moor et al (2008)
Found that between 2000 and 2008 over a third of stories focused on terrorism, and a third focused on the differences between Muslim communities and British society, while stories of Muslims as victims of crime were fairly rare
They concluded there were 4 negative media messaged about Muslims
Islam as dangerous and irrational
Multiculturalism as allowing Muslim to spread their message
Clash of civilisations, with Islam being presented as intolerant, oppressive + misogynistic
Islam as a threat to the British way of life, with Sharia law
Amelie et al (2007)
Focused on coverage of veiling as an Islamic practice, and found that media coverage tended to present this is a patriarchal oppressive practice, with little coverage focusing on the wearing of the veil as a choice
Minority groups as unimportant
Van Dijk (1999)
Further noted that some sections of the media imply that white lives are more important than non-white lives
He claimed, for example, that black victims of crime are not paid as much attention to as white victims of crime
He claimed, for example, that black victims of crime are not paid as much attention to as white victims of crime
The result is that many ethnic minorities do not identify with ethnic minority characters,
As a whole the mainstream media pays little attention to the genuine concerns and interests of ethnic minorities, because the mainstream media is dominated by a metropolitan, liberal, while, male, public school and Oxbridge educated, middle class elite