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Collectivisation - Coggle Diagram
Collectivisation
What was the peasant reaction to collectivisation
Many villagers were unwilling to identify Kulaks as many of them were family or friends.
Even if the peasants didn't necessarily like the kulaks, they were still a part of the community and were protected by the other villagers.
Kulaks
Sold off their land and stopped hiring labourers to fall into the middle class of peasants
Destroyed their resources - 17m horses; 26m cattle; 11m pigs and 60m goats and sheep by 1934
After the process of dekulakization was introduced, many poorer peasants did in fact denounce their neighbours as kulaks
benefited them as they could get their hands on their neighbours tools and animals for the collective.
Riots and armed resistances
One riot lasted 5 days and armed cars had to be called in for backup to regain order
Peasants burned crops, tools and houses rather than hand them over to the state.
Women’s revolts were reported in the press. Kaganovich, a member of the Politburo, recognised that ‘women had played the most advanced role in the reaction against the collective farm’.
How was forced collectivisation enforced?
Force, terror and propoganda
Huge propaganda campaign showing the benefits of collective farming
Reintroduced the idea of a "class enemy" - the Kulaks. In December 1929 he announced the liquidation of the Kulaks as a class
The idea of a "Class enemy" would make the other peasants afraid and frighten them into joining the kolkhoz.
Stalin enlisted an army of 25,000 urban party activists to help revolutionise the countryside
After 2 week they were sent out on brigades to oversee the collectivisation process backed by the OGPU (Secret police) and the military
Their task was to root out KUlaks and make the peasants sign a register demanding to be collectivised
Dekulakisation went ahead at full speed and each area was given a number of kulaks to find - they found them whether they existed or not.
Mass deportations to forced labour settlements in Siberia and isolated locations in Russia.