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The Anglo-Irish War - Coggle Diagram
The Anglo-Irish War
First meeting of the Dail
21 Jan 1919, first meeting of Provisional SF Gov-same day as Soloheadbeg
Gov proclaimed area of Tipp (martial law)-worked in favour of IV
only 27 SF MPs attended-34 other imprisoned
26 Unionist MPs for Ireland + 6 IPP MPs refused to attend
Dec of Indepence read out, associating with 1916 proclamations
Dail negotiated team of DeV, Griffith + Plunkett to take claim of self-determination to Paris Peace Conf
failed, strengthened PF
short provisional constitution adopted + executive-PM, Ministers of Fin, Def, Home Affairs + Foreign Affairs
1919 and the Soloheadbeg ambush
members of 3rd Tipperary Brigade-Seamus Robinson, Sean Treacy + Dan Breen-ambushed 2 RIC constables-both killed
21 Jan 1919
IV leadership embarassed and feared public outcry-despite £1000 reward no one turned them in
end of Jan more PF elements taken initiative-IV newpaper declared "state of war", "every Volunteer entitled to morally and legally use all legitmate methods of warfare against English"
mid 1919 local units of Tipp, Cork + Clare operating independently with random RIC attacks
change of tactics- guerilla warfare due to 38,000 troops + 10,000 RIC
18 RIC killed in 1919, hundreds of barracks destroyed + RIC under strength and demoralised force
lack of trust + co-op with police + military + authorities lack of intelligence to who insurgents were
IV ambush of 18 troops in Sept, army retaliated by attacking town indiscriminately
The military and political tactics by British and Irish
British
lack of intelligence-measures which affected + infuriated public
lack of discipline of Crown forces cost them dear-public opinion, esp in USA
tactic of putting Martial Law turned more against them
not have a united policy-haphazard approach-LG in Paris
suppressed meetings of Dail-more PF men
Reprisals-violent events-burning Cork City
Coercion-reacting with force-policy
Irish
work of Michael Collins-director of operations of IV during War
infiltrated Dublin Castle + had 4 high ranking detectives (G men) assisting him
Collins put together elite squad of young assassins-disrupt intelligence
DeV to USA to lobby US opinion. + getting money-Collins raised £500,000 (half from USA)
tactic of demoralising RIC paying off
Collns helped by sympathisers in police- Éamon Broy
Collins leading man-jealousy of Brugha (Min of Def)
Guerrilla warfare and ‘flying columns’
Large numbers of IRA volunteers
Full time soldiers living away from home, able to fight over large areas
County Cork, IRA flying column killed 18 auxiliary police officers