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Neurons - Coggle Diagram
Neurons
Neurones: Responsible for transmitting signals to other nerves cells or muscles
Neurons are made up of the same parts as regular animal cells
The structure of this is adapted to quickly carry electrical signals
The structure has a long thin, almost tail of cytoplasm called an axon
The shorter ones near the top are known as dendrites
Dendrites pick up electrical signals, these are called nerve impulses
The signal goes throughout the body and axon till it gets near the end of it
This axon then passes the nerve impulse to another neuron
There are many parts of neurons
Soma
The soma is actually the cell body of a neuron and the main hub of the neuron
It maintains the other parts of a neuron so the other parts can function.
This part is enclosed in a membrane
This membrane allows the interaction of things directly in the direct vicinity.
There is a cell nucleus
Dendrites
Dendrites are the long spindly tails coming out of the soma of the motor and relay cells.
They are much smaller than axons
These receive and transmit informations from and to other neurons sending electrical impulses to the cell body
Myelin sheath
The myelin sheath is a layer of fatty material that often covers axons
Insulates nerve cells from other nerve cells/prevents interference
Speeds up the conduction of the axon
Axon
The axon of nerve fiber is a tail like structure made up of cytoplasm
Axon also has an axon hillock
This axon also importantly send electrical impulses to other neurons
Often covered in myelin making it insulate/makes it faster, the electrical impulses
There are many types of neurons
Motor
Motor neurons are in the CNS
Control all muscle movement within the body
When stimulated, they release neurotransmitters.
These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the muscles
These neurotransmitters that trigger a response leading to movement
Sensory
Sensory neurons are found in the eyes/ears/tongues
They carry nerve impulses to the spinal cord and brain
When reaching the brain they become sensations.
Some do not go to the brain and stop the electric impulses at the spinal cord
These are used for reflex actions
Relay
Between motor and response neurons
Found in the brain and spinal cord
Allow sensory and motor neurons to communicate
Outside every cell contains extracellular fluid
When the neuron is not sending signals, it is called the resting position