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Cardiovascular system (Blood) - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular system (Blood)
Main parts of the cardiovascular system
Blood
Carries essential substances to cells (O2 & Nutrients)
Carries waste away from cells
Blood vessels
Forms the network of blood flow throughout the body
Heart
Acts as a pump
Circulation of blood throughout the body
Lymphatic system
Transport tissue fluid to blood stream delivers nutrients from digestive tract into blood stream
Blood
Functions
Transport
Hormones to cells
Waste materials from the cells & deliver to
excretory organs
Oxygen, nutrients, water and ions to all tissue cells
Excretion
Protection
Protect the body against infection
Protect the body from excessive blood loss
Regulation of temperature
Body temperature → distribution of heat
produced by organs around the body
Fluid, electrolyte, acid-base balance
Clotting mechanism (Phases of homeostasis)
Composition
Plasma - 55%
White blood cells and platelets - 4%
Red blood cells - 44%
Cellular components and its functions
Leucocyte (White blood cells)
Large round with nuclei
Granulocyte
(Phil)
Produced in the red bone marrow (MCQ)
Have multi-lobed nuclei in their cytoplasm
3 types
Neutro
phil
(kill the area incase of Infection)
Body defence against bacterial invasion
Engulf and digest bacteria (Phagocytosis)
Release of anti-microbal chemicals
Increase numbers to area of infection (MCQ)
Baso
phil
Plays an impt role in a inflammatory response through relase of histamine
Releases heparin
Reduce formation of tiny blood clots
Facilitate movements of WBCs throughout the injured tissues
Eosino
phil
Involved in inflammatory response
Engaged in phagocytosis
Increase in numbers in person with allergies
Agranulo
cyte
Characteristics
Makes up of 25-50% of the total WBCs count
Have a large nuclues but no cytoplasm
Mono
cytes
Capcable of phagocytosis
Synthesis and release cytokines
Plays an impt role in bodys inflammation response
Lympho
cyte
(2 types)
T lymphocytes
Secrete cytotoxic substances that kills foreign cells
Involved in cellular immunity
B lymphocyte
Involved in humoral immunity
Produced antibodies
Thrombocyte (Platelets)
Characteristics
Colourless fragments
Has no nucleus
Produced in the bone marrow (MCQ)
Life span of 5 to 9 days (MCQ)
Function: Responsible for food clotting (MCQ)
Mechanism of clotting (SAQ)
3 Phases (SAQ)
Vasoconstriction
Blood vessels injured => Blood vessel constrict => lower diameter of blood vessels => lower amt of blood that flows through
Formation of temporary platelets plug
Sticky platelets clump tgt => release of substance will attract more platelets => rapid gathering of platelets at the site of vascular dmgs => formation of platelet plug which reduces bleeding
Clot formation
Clotting factors activate substances to form a meshwork of fibers => Fibrin net traps large particle such as RBCs and platelets as blood flow through => Clots formed which seals off the opening to stop bleeding
Aka Haemostasis
Erythrocyte (Red blood cells)
Characteristics (Must rmb)
Life span of 100-120 days
Biconcave discs with no nucleus (Not mpt)
Destroyed in spleen and liver: Haemolysis
Produced in the red bone marrow
Contains haemoglobin
Haemoglobin
Functions
Carries oxygen
Appearance
From the lungs: Haemoglobin binds with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin
(Bright red)
From the tissue: Oxygen released, forming deoxyhaemoglobin
(Dark bluish-red)
Plasma (Fluid)
Contents
Water
Maintenance of body fluids
Production of secretions
Makes up abt 90-92%
Plasma proteins (MCQ)
Albumin
Retaining water in plasma and interstitial tissue
Prothrombin and fibrinogen
Essentilal for blood clotting
Heparin
Prevents abnormal clotting of blood
Mineral salts
Regulate cellular activity
Maintenance of blood pH
Nutrients
Mantain the function of body cells
Waste products
Gases
Hormones
Antibodies
Enzymes
Characteristics (Die die must know) (MCQ)
Connective tissue
with liquid intracellular matrix
Constitutes--7% of body weight
Avg 5-6 litres of blood
Colour
Bright red due to
high
oxygen content
Dark bluish-red when
low
oxygen content
Arterial pH of blood is
7.35 to 7.45
Types of blood classification (MCQ) (Classified according to the Rhesus)
Type A
A:Antigen on the surface of the RBCs
B: antibodies present in the blood plama
Type B
B: Antigen on the surface of the RBCs
A: Antibodies present in the blood plasma
Type AB
A & B Antigen on the surface of the RBCs
Type O
No antigen
Both A & B antibodies present in the blood plasma
Agglutination
Definition: Clump of red blood cells
Process of agglutination
Occurs during a mismatched blood transfusion
Caused by: A reaction between antibodies and antigens in the blood plasma
Adverse breakdown of red blood cells