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Principles for School Mathematics - Coggle Diagram
Principles for School Mathematics
The Equity Principle
Requires high expectation and worthwhile opportunities for all
Teacher communicate expectation when interacting with students
Influence students' belief about their abilities to succeed in mathematics
High expectation achieved in part with strong instructional program
Require accommodating differences to help everyone learn mathematics
Some students require further assistance
Students with disabilities need increased time to complete the assignments
Some students need enrichment program or additional resources
Use of technology tools can help achieve equity
Requires resources and support for all classrooms and all students
High-quality instructional programs support mathematics learning
Allocation of human and material resources
The Teaching Principle
establish and nurture an environment conducive to learning mathematics
Helps teachers make curricular judgements, respond to student's questions and look ahead to where concepts are leading and plan accordingly.
Helps teachers understand how students learn mathematics
Helps teachers to become facile with a range of different teaching techniques and instructional materials
Allows teachers to recognize that the decisions they make shape student's mathematical dispositions
Mathematical tasks are used to introduce important mathematical ideas and to engage and challenge students intelectually
The Curriculum Principle
Coherent
Display interconnections between topical strands
Organise and integrate important mathematical ideas
Organise the mathematics so fundamental ideas form an integrated whole
Focus on important mathematics
Emphasise on foundational ideas that help students understand other mathematical ideas
Focus on skills that serve as a basis for developing new insights
Allow students to see the power of mathematics in real-world phenomena
Well articulated across the grades
Accumulating ideas and building successively deeper understanding
Well-articulated curriculum guides teachers regarding important ideas
The Assessment Principle
Enhance students' learning
Feedback help students in setting goals and become more independent learners
Teacher can cultivate both disposition and the capacity to engage in self-assessment and reflection in their student
Convey a message to students about what kind of mathematical knowledge and perfromance
Value tool for making instruction decisions
To ensure deep, high-quality learning
Provide information to the teacher to make appropriate instructional decision
Help to support students' progress toward the significant mathematics goals
Part of instructions that informs and guides teacher to make instructional decisions
The Technology Principle
Technology enhances mathematics learning
calculators, computers
the graphic power of technological tools affords
access to visual models
enables student to execute routine procedures quickly
and accurately
Students who are easily distracted may focus more intently on computer tasks
Students who have trouble with basic procedures can develop and demonstrate
other mathematical understandings
Technology supports effective mathematics teaching
depends on the teacher
teachers can use simulations to give
students experience with problem situations that are difficult to create without technology
teacher must decide if, when, and how technology will be used
technology aids in assessment
Technology influences what mathematics is taught
students can study linear relationships and the ideas
of slope and uniform change with computer representations
The Learning Principle
Learning mathematics with understanding is essential
Students who memorize facts or
procedures without understanding often are not sure when or how to use what they know
Learning with
understanding also makes subsequent learning easier
Students can learn mathematics with understanding
Through their experiences in everyday life
informal ideas about numbers, patterns, shapes, quantities, data, and size,