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Bandura study 1- the development of aggression (historical) - Coggle…
Bandura study 1- the development of aggression (historical)
Key theme: external influences on children’s behaviour
Three hypothesis:
Children shown agressive models show more imitative agressive acts learnt from the model than non-agressive/ no model conditions
Boys show more imitative agression than girls
Children will imitate same sex model behaviour
Social learning theory (SLT): Behaviour is learnt through observing and imitating others, children learn through observing their role models actions/consequences.
vicarious reinforcement: the model is rewarded for behaviour so child imitates it themselves , if theyre rewarded also this reinforces behaviour
Aim & sample
To investigate whether children would imitate agressive behaviour when observing a model (SLT)
72 children (1/2 boys & girls)
mean age 52 months
stanford university nursery school
Method & design
Laboratory experiment
independent measure & matched participant design
Independent variables
Child witnessed an agressive or non agressive model (control group had none)
Sex of the model
Sex of the child
Dependent variable: amount of imitative behaviour and agression shown
Children were pre-rated for agressiveness on four-five point rating scales by experimenter & nursery teacher (inter-rater reliability)
Prevents influenced of natural agression by extraneous variables
Controls
Observers inter-rater reliability was checked by correlation
One way mirror
blind condition= observers didn’t know the condition thr child was in
All toys is stage 3 were in a fixed arrangement
1 male, 1 female served role of model and 1 experimenter
Procedure
Modelling the behaviour
child was brought individually to play a game
non agressive= model played calmly with tinker toys and avoided bobo doll
agressive= model was aggressive towards bobo doll, hit with mallet/ punched/ threw/ verbally agressive
control group skipped
Agressive arousal
children taken to second room, told to play but was told the ‘best’ toys were reserved for other children (all 3 conditions took part)
Testing for delayed imitation
children taken outside with both violent (mallet/gun) and non-violent (bobo doll) toys
-observed 20mins & experimenter made themselves busy with paperwork while 2 observers watched through 1 way Mirror
Agression recorded
Imitation agression= physical & verbal identical to model
Partially imitation agression= similar behaviour to model
Non-imitative agression= new agressive acts not shown by model
Results
Children who witnessed agressive model were more agressive
Little difference between agression in control and non-aggressive group
Boys more likely to imitate male models
Boys more physically agressive (male: 12.8, female: 5.5)
Girls more verbally agressive (males: 4.3, females: 13.7) when observing female model
Conclusions
Witnessing agression in a model can be enough to produce agression by an observer (SLT is true)
Children selectively imitate by gender, specific behaviour was concluded by same-sex models