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Mining & Quarrying - Coggle Diagram
Mining & Quarrying
Geology
what is it
The study if the Earth, minerals in it, organisms, processes and how they have all changed overtime.
Rock Classification
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Metamorphic Rock: Igneous and sedimentary rocks that have been changed by extreme pressure and heat over time
Minerals
An inorganic substance that comes naturally from the Earth with consistent and distinctive physical properties and a chemical composition expressed by a formula
Coal is organic, but can sometimes be classified as a mineral.
Metallic, non-metallic and fuel minerals
Metallic: Some are Ferrous (Contain Iron) such as Iron and Nickel.
Non-ferrous: Copper, Lead and Tin
CLASSES: Precious, Industrial, Radioactive, Electircal, Base and Light.
Non-Metallic: Limestone, Sandstone and Marble
CLASSES: Insulating, Refractory, Abrasives & Gems, Industrial.
Energy/Fuel: Coal, Petroleum and natural gasses
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Ore Deposit
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Bedded Deposits
Plant material covered by mud and sand that is pressurized and heated and then turns into Peat, Lignite and finally Coal.
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Mining in SA
Copper: 1800's in Namibia and Northern Cape
Diamonds: 1867, Kimberly
Gold: 1886, Wits Basin
Coal: Mpumalanga, Limpopo & KZN
PGMs: Mpum, Limp & North West
Gold. Gold does not corrode and so has been associated with immortality and power. Used in coinage, jewellery, sculpture, vessels and buildings.
Diamonds. They're hardness and high light dispersion allows industrial application. Used on drill bits and saw blades. Can be used for polishing due to being good abrasives. Also semi-conductors suitable to build microchips in electronics.