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Political Parties - The development of the policies of the Conservative…
Political Parties - The development of the policies of the Conservative Party
One Nation Conservatism
Associated with Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli
Focused on the duty of those with power and privilege to use this wisely and to unite the nation by the way of moderate social reforms and patriotism. It represented a form of pragmatic if self-interested paternalism
Echoes of this statement were seen with David Cameron and his 'Big Society' as well as Boris Johnson's 2019 victory speeches
This stance embraced the state protecting the vulnerable through public services without penalising the rich with high income tax rates or seeking to dismantle free-market capitalism and significantly redistribute wealth
2019 Conservative Election promises that correlate with this idea
Maintain the 'triple lock' on pensions
Make Britain a world leader in tackling plastics pollution and creating an Independent Office for Environmental Protection
Mixture of Buskellite and consensus and one nation conservatism
Get Brexit done, and remove the influence and power of institutions such as the European Court of Justice (mixture of Thatcherism and one-nation, emphasis on sovereignty of the nation-state
Buskellite pragmatism and consensus
In the wake of the 1945 Labour landslide and the establishment of the Welfare state, the Conservative Party shifted further to the centre and accepted the bulk of Labour's reforms. Through out the 1950s and 1960s, there were large areas of consensus in many key policy areas between the 2 parties
This Buskellite conservatism was also pro-European and the Conservatives were keen to join the EEC.
2019 Conservative Election promises that correlate with this idea
Extra funding for the NHS, with 50,000 more nurses and 50 million more GP surgery appointments a year
Make Britain a world leader in tackling plastics pollution and creating an Independent Office for Environmental Protection
Mixture of Buskellite and consensus and one nation conservatism
Traditional values
Reflective of the party's ongoing insistence on supporting the traditional nuclear family and the institution of marriage, while maintaining a firm line on immigration policy
1988 - Passing of Section 28 which banned the promotion of homosexuality in schools
Theresa May's promise as home secretary to create 'a hostile environment' for illegal immigrants
Can be seen in the opposition of some Tory MPs to Sunday trading and its extension
2016 - Tory backbench revolt derailed attempts to relax Sunday trading hours
Can also be seen in Enoch Powell's 1968 'Rivers of Blood' Speech
2019 Conservative Election promises that correlate with this idea
20,000 additional police officers and tougher sentencing for criminals
An Australian-style points based system to control immigration
Keep the minimum voting age of 18
Thatcherism
This was far more ideological than previous forms of conservatism and represented conviction over compromise.
Promote individual freedom - especially economic of overly powerful trade unions
Emphasise self-help and personal responsibility
Denationalisation of most government-owned industries and encourage council tenants to buy their own homes. Accompanied by lower taxes, especially on income
1984-5 miner strikes saw Thatcher's government break the power of one of the country's most formidable unions (The National Union of Mineworkers)
Embraced a more confident and assertive foreign policy - Falklands War and engaging with other Cold War warriors such as Reagan
Won a financial rebate from the EU and helped to contribute to the growth in Euro Scepticism
2019 Conservative Election promises that correlate with this idea
A promise not to raise the rate of income tax, VAT or National Income
Everyone who can work, should work, continue the rollout of Universal Credit, and crack down on benefit fraud
Get Brexit done, and remove the influence and power of institutions such as the European Court of Justice (mixture of Thatcherism and one-nation, emphasis on sovereignty of the nation-state)
Divisions within the Conservative Party
Until the 2019 election, Europe / the European Union was the main fracture line in the party as leaders were plagued by Leavers and Remainers as well as Europhiles and Eurosceptics
2016 - EU Referendum, Cameron hoped to settle the matter. The narrow Leave victory just confirmed the depth of the divisions as opposing factions of the party argued over terms of the negotiated deal
Theresa May tried to placate the party wings, but her deals were rejected consistently and she suffered a record number of ministerial resignations
The victory of Johnson in 2019 heralded the end / the beginning of the end of the issue
2013 - Majority of Cameron's own MPs rejected his bill to legalise gay marriage - only passed due to opposition support