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family-perspectives - Coggle Diagram

- - - - stable satisfaction of the sex drive
        
        prevents social disruption of sexual 'free-for-all'
      - reproduction of the next generation
        
        without this,society could not continue
      - socialisation of the young
        
        into societys shared values and norms
      - meeting its member's economic needs
        
        such as food and shelter
    - - marxists
        
        meets the needs of capitalism
      - feminists
        
        the family serves the needs of men and opresses women
  - - - e.g.nuclear,extended etc
    - - modern industrial society
        
        nuclear family fits into
      - traditional preindustrial society
        
        extended family would fit into this
    - - geographically mobile workforce
        
        pre-industrial society-spend whole lives living in the same village
        
        easier for nuclear family to move
      - socially mobile workforce
        
        ind status is based off their own abilities/efforts
        
        nuclear family is structuraly isolated from the extended family
    - - Young and Wilmott
        
        pre-industrial was nuclear family,not extended
  - - - children learn the basic principles of society from the family in the early years of their life
      - learning and internalising society's culture
      - Parsons
        
        if this was not done,society would cease to exist due tonew generations not knowing the norms and values of society
    - - family life stabilises adult personalities through emotional support through marriage and enabeling adults to satisfy childish impulses that could not be indulged in public
      - pressure placed on ind in industrial societies have the potential to destabilise an ind personality
        
        e.g.need for work,money and lack of power etc
      - Parsons
        
        family helps to stabilise personalities by the sexual division of labour in the family
        
        different sex roles
        
        women-expressive role
        
        men-instrumental role
    - - the classic extended family has largely disappeared
      - the privatised nuclear family or modified extended family has emerged as the main family form in society
    - - self-contained,self-reliant and home-centered unit with free time spent doing jobs around the house and leisure time mainly with family
      - in an isolated PNF the family members will often care and know more about the lives of media soap stars,celebrities,games etc than real people living down the street
      - Parsons
        
        this family form has emerged to meet the needs of modern society and the individual
  - - - structural differentiation
        
        this process has meant the modern,more specialised family has two basic function (primary socialisation of children and stabilisation of adult personalities)
  - - - Parsons view on instrumental and expressive roles of men and women are out of date and based on the 1950s family home makeup
        
        no longer the case due to both sexes adopting life in both roles
    - - Murdock and Parsons show family as being harmonious and integrated institutions
        
        they downplay the conflict that may ocurr in family life
        
        e.g.abuse/violence
        
        children may be used as scapegoats
      - 25% of children in the UK have been exposed to domestic abuse (NSPCC 2011)
      - 1/4 women in England and Wales will experience dv in their lifetimes (Crime survey 2013-14)
      - estimated 635,000 incidents of dv in England and Wales 2001-2002 with 81% victims being female and 19% male (British Crime Survey
    - - ignores the negative effects of the sexual division of labour can have on women
        
        e.g. family resposibilities could undermine their position in paid employment
    - - Leach
        
        due to the nuclear family becoming increasingly isolated means it has become an inward-looking institution
        
        means the family members would expect and demand too much from one another which can generate conflict and stress within the family
      - Marxists (Cooper,Laing and Esterson)
        
        family can be destructive and exploitative institutions
        
        family life smothers the development of the ind-leading to unquestioning obedience to authority
        
        and possibly contributing to the mental illness of schizophrenia in later life
    - - family has lost a majority of its functions to the education and wellfare systems
      - Fletcher
        
        in modern society families have more responsibilities as during pre industrial, wellfare,education,health etc were often very overlooked due to other pressing issues being more important (e.g. starvation,money)
        
        family plays an important economic role as a unit of consumption due to raising living standards
        
        through the pressure for new tech and to purchase the new popular items
      - Feminists
        
        family is a unit of production as women are unpaid in domestic labour
        
        if they were to enter into paid labour, the cost to meet the unpaid services would be detrimental to the family
    - - Laslett
        
        found that only about 10% of households contained extended kin before the industrial revolution
      - Young and Willmott
        
        found that as late as 1950s extended kinship networks were still strong in Bethnal Green (wc area of London)
- - - - our decisions are still constrained
    - - class and gender still shape our relationships
- - - - borgeoise own and control the property of the wc
      - patriarchal family-private property
      - Engles
        
        monogamous nuclear family has developed a way of passing on private property to heirs
        
        way of proving paternity and ensuring the property was passed onto the correct person
        
        womens position in family was to provide sex for economic security from their husband
    - - inequality that maintains in a capitalist society
      - socialising children that heirarchy and inequality is inevitable
      - parental power over children-always someone in charge
    - - the media target children to persuade their parents to spend more
      - children who lack the latest trends get mocked by peers
  - - - underestimate the importaance of gender inequalities within the family
    - - ignore the real benefits that the family provides for its members
    - - Engles exaggerates how well the family provides comfort-as there is much conflict within families
  - - - family is an ideological state apparatuses
  - - - domestic labour of women who reproduce future generations of workers
    - - very much male perspective as much of the work that may make the family a haven is done at the expense of women
- - - - may be due to the lack of of historical,gendered cultural meanings, as it was only heteroexual couples
- - - - nuclear family is important to capitalism as it produces and rears the future workforce at little cost to the capital state
      - domestic labour is unpaid yet has great value
    - - capitalism has stripped male workers of dignity,power and control at work
      - so, they feel their masculinity is challenges and this frustration gets absorbed by the family and the female partner
      - there is a crisis of masculinity and powerlessness that men experience may lead to domestic violence to feel in control
      - wives act as a safety valve for capitalism as these men are not directing their anger at the problem
    - - show how gender roles in the family are created and meet the requirements of a capitalist society
        
        dont see society as a whole
      - ignores day-to-day experiences women face
        
        e.g.enjoy being a housewife
      - largely based on the outdated nuclear family
        
        modern families are now very diverse in their organisation and structure
  - - - men and women constitute seperate and often conflicting sex classes
        
        interaction between these classes is responsible for the most important inequality
      - nuclear familiy functions benefit heterosexual men by teaching children patriarchal ideology
    - - husbands exploit their wives despite genuinely loving them
      - womens role in a marriage is to flatter her husband and provide emotional support
        
        men rarely preform this for women
    - - male violence against women takes many different forms
        
        psycological bullying
        
        forced marraige
        
        marital rape
        
        domestic violence
    - - alternative ways of living should be encouraged
        
        e.g. female-only communes
      - Firestone
        
        women should use new reproductive technologies to exclude men from families
    - - dated fairly significantly
        
        fail to account for recent economic and social changes
      - Sommerville and Hakim
        
        exaggerate the exploitation of women
        
        most women still value relationships with men
      - ignore those accounts of family life where women feel motherhood is fufilling and rewarding
      - overemphasises the nuclear family and neglecting diverse family types
  - - - gender inequality in the family is a product of discrimination by individuals
      - this discrimination is largely based on ignorane,prejudice and a mistaken view of the biogenetic differences between men and women
      - process of gender role socialisation
        
        boys and girls internalise the differences in gendered behaviour
        
        may be a major source of patriarchal discrimination as the ideological consequences of girls being persuaded to accept their responsibilities in a family
      - family prevents women from competing on an equal playing field with men for well paid jobs and positions of power
    - - women now have much more choice about marriage, and wether they do paid work whilst in a marriage
    - - economic changes have led to a dramatic culture change in womens attitudes
        
        'genderquake'
      - women today have a radically different attitude towards family responsibility,education and careers comp0ared to their grandmothers
      - women are now more likely to aspire to go to uni,careers and economic independence
      - women are no longer content to see their lives defined as marriage,family and children
    - - useful for explaining the improved position of women in the family
      - only suggests about the expeiriences of white mc women
      - Corsaro
        
        critical of gender role socialisation arguments
        
        little research on parent-child interactions in the home and no real evidence how toys are symbollically valued