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Henry VIII - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 1513-16
        Wolsey’s reformation of the fifteenths and tenths tax raised 170,000 over 4 uses (the previous iteration raising 90,000 over 3)
      - Wolsey failed to supplement crown lands, at Henry VII’s peak they were on average 400,000 a year, decreasing to 25,000
        –> Henry often used crown lands as a form of patronage to increase the nobility
        
        passed an act of resumption 1515 to suppliment
      - Wolsey raised 322,000 in subsidies, 240,000 in clerical taxes and 260,000 in forced loans
        
        This did not overcome the 1.7million that the palace spent between 1509-1520
      - 1523 parliament
        
        Asked for a four shillings in the pound subsidy that would have raised 800,000
        Only raised 300,000 and was forced to abandon enclosure policy to appease nobility
    - - Was made Lord Chancellor in 1515
        
        massively expanded the Court of the star chamber and court of the chancery
        
        Personally oversaw over 9000 cases and over 120 in the court of the star chamber per year alone
        
        Anyone could bring cases, regardless of wealth, even though it was not beaurocratically reformed it was seen as impartial
        
        Accused Lord Burgavenny of illegally retaining in 1516
      - Set up a specia committee in westminiser in 1519 to hear cases from poor people
      - Used his position to his advantage, forced Sir Amyas Paulet who had punished him with stocks when he started as a priest to appear before him daily and threatened that he would loose his position if he keft london without permission
      - Convicted the Duke of Buckingham of treason in1521, despite foreign ambassadors claiming that his only crime was “murmerings against the Chancellor”
    - - In east Anglia 10,000 men assembled in Lavenham in opposition to his demands
      - The Duke of Suffolk and Norfolk told Wolsey the money could not be collected
    - - Three acts of parliament in 1489, 1514 and 1515
      - Enclosure commission 1517-18 which identified enclosed land and applied in the court of Chancery to support parliamentary acts
      - From 1518-29 there were 264 people who had legal action taken against them about encloure, including 51 religious houses
    - - Hunne Affair 1515
        
        A wealthy merchant who was accused of heresy after taking legal action against the church for the handling of the death of his infant son, he was found dead in prison before the trail
        
        The church found him guilty of all charges and seized his property which created wide spread outrage
        
        In the same parliament, Henry Standish attacked the “benefit of the clergy” where they could be tried in their own courts to get more leintent sentences
        
        Wolsey had to personally swear that royal power had sway over ecclasitical in order to renew the act
      - Wolsey held an ecclasitcal council in York 1518
        Can be seen as a tactic to impress the pope in the run up to his papal legate campaign
      - Pluralism
        - Wolsey was the archbishop of York, Bishop of Winchester and the Abbey of St Albans, he also never visited 4 of his sees
      - Wolsey had two illegitimate children
        Used ecclesiastical patronage to promote his son Thomas Winter
      - Wolsey used funds from the closure of 29 religious houses to fund a grammar school in Ipswich and a college in Oxford
      - Ordered legations visitations of the monasteries and personally visited over 60 religious houses in 1519, abbots and monks who were found to not be following the religious lifestyle were replaced
    - - In 1519, Wolsey had ‘Henry’s minions’ expelled form the privy council
      - Introduced the 6 Eltham Ordinances in 1526 which reduced the privy chamber from 12 to 6, removing the most politically active gentlemen
      - By 1527, many returned