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The Development of the Cold War 1980-1995 - Coggle Diagram
The Development of the Cold War 1980-1995
1980
Solidarity movement in Poland began
Poland was facing a severe economic crisis largely due to rising cost of oil and a recession in the West. So, in response to the government raising food prices by 100%, shipyard workers in Gdansk went on strike
Leader: Lech Walesa
The movement grew to about 8 million people -
more than 1 million members of the Communist party joined Solidarity
1985
Gorbachev is appointed General Secretary of the Soviet union
The Geneva Summit
The Geneva summit was the first meeting between Reagan and Gorbachev - they met to discuss the reduction of nuclear weapons
It was the first American-Soviet summit in 6 years
Although it did not lead to any formal agreements, it represented a successful engagement between the two countries and was the first step towards successful communication
1981
The communist party appointed General Wojciech Jaruzelski – the effective leader of the country, who imposed martial law in December 1981
1986
The INF treaty is signed between Gorby and Reagan which prevented large amount of missiles
1989
June - Solidarity take power in Poland
The Polish leadership had been left on their own to deal with the riots from Solidarity - they chose not to suppress the protests and instead invited Solidarity to round-table talks on reform
Solidarity won the election by a landslide - won 160/161 of the freely contested
The Berlin Wall
Hungary's open borders cause millions of East Germans to 'go on holiday' - Honecker then closes the border, but people still try to leave = protests
Honecker was forced to resign - Krenz replaced him and announced that there will be reforms. One of them was breaking down the wall - Citizens stormed the wall on November 9th
Afghanistan War
Gorbachev described the Afghanistan War as a 'bleeding wound'
Final withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan
Romanian Revolution
Romanian people revolted after starving and freezing
Revolts only got stronger
Leader Ceausescu tried to flee, however he was arrested and put on trial and executed
Harsh regime ended communism
1990
Reunification of east Germany
1991
The Coup
Hardline communists were unhappy with Gorbachev's reforms - they begin a military coup
Gorbachev was on holiday - hardliners put him on house arrest
The Coup is unsuccessful as the hardliners were unsure what to do
Yeltsin climbs on tank and takes a stand against the hardliners
Gorbachev's resigns after being rescued from holiday home
Disbandment of Soviet Union
Leaders of Russia/ Belarus/ Ukraine signed a treaty
Commonwealth of Independent States
Soviet Union collapsed 25th December
Slovenia and Croatia declare independence from Yugoslavia – War breaks out between Croatia and Serbia
1992
Bosnia declares independence from Yugoslavia, and war breaks out between Croatia and Serbia
1995
The Dayton Accords
The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina
These accords put an end to the three-and-a-half-year-long Bosnian War
1983
Star Wars Program