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Comp 3 - Global Politics Power and Development - Coggle Diagram
Comp 3 - Global Politics
Power and Development
4.1 Different Types of Power
Soft power (diplomatic and cultural) -
Culture (where it is attractive to others): For example, Silicon Valley, Hollywood and the American dream make the USA attractive to much of the public across the globe.
Political Values: When those values are upheld at home and abroad. For example, Canada's commitment to openess and diveristy at home and abroad.
Diplomacy/ Foreign policy: where they are seen as legitimate and having moral authority through having the support of the international community.
Smart power (a combination) -
The election of Barack Obama to the US presidency in 2008 coincided with a change in US strategy to "smart power": A skilful combination of hard and soft power. It is about choosing the right tools- diplomatic, economiucm military, politcal, legal and cultrual- for each specific situation.
In the case of Iran, for example, the Obama administration used damaging economic sanctions, diplomacy and Obama's attempts to reach out to the Iranian public to bring about the Iran Nuclear Deal, which restricted Iran's nuclear programme.
Hard power (military and economic) - .
Power as capability: The strength that a state possesses. Capability is typically measured in terms of population and territory, resource endowment, economic capitality, military strength, politcal stability and competence.
Power as relationship: The ablity of one state to influence another to do something they have not chosen to do. This may be shaped by states perceptions of each oters capabilities.
Power as structural: The power to shape how things are done. This involves setting the framework in which states and non state actors operate, inclduing influencing their beliefs and perceptions, controlling their access to credit or investment, shaping defence and economic development agendas.
4.2 Differing significance of states in global affairs and how and why state power is classified
Superpowers, including the USA - the term 'superpower' emerged in the aftermath of the Second World War to describe the two main protagonists of the Cold War - the USA and the Soviet Union.
Emerging powers - BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) - a state that is considered to be rising, primarily in economic power and influence.
Great powers - A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale.
4.5 Development and spread of - liberal economies, rule of law and democracy
Liberal economies -
Rule of Law -
Democracy -
4.3 Polarity
Bipolarity - can be defined as a system of world order in which the majority of global economic, military and cultural influence is held between two states.
Multipolarity - State of the geopolitical world in which several powers coexist and not just one or two.
The changing nature of world order since 2000 -
Unipolarity/Hegemony - hegemony refers to the ability of an actor with overwhelming capability to shape the international system through both coercive and non-coercive means.
4.6 Changing relationships and actions of states.
Poverty issues -
Conflict issues -
Human Rights issues -
Environment issues -
4.4 Different systems of government
Democratic States -
Semi-Democratic states -
Non-Democratic States -
Autocratic States -
Rogue States -
Failed States -