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The Development of the Cold War 1956-1983 - Coggle Diagram
The Development of the Cold War 1956-1983
1956
Poland Uprising
Poznan protest -
Workers demanded better working conditions
Protests began on the 28th June 1956 and were met with a violent response
100,000 protesters gathered in the city centre - protesters were met with around 400 tanks and 10,000 soldiers - 50 people died
Hungary Uprising
Countrywide revolution against the Communist government
Began on the 23 October 1956 in Budapest - started by university students asking citizens to join them
Police and communist leaders were captured and killed and political prisoners were freed - local Soviets then took control of the Hungarian government
Irme Nagy took over - promised free elections, got rid of the violent police force and withdrew from the Warsaw pact - fighting ended in October
4th November 1956 fought the Hungarian revolutionaries until 10th November 1956 - thousands died
Suez Crisis
26th July 1956, Nasser nationalised the Suez Canal Company
29th October 1956, Israel invaded the Egyptian Sinai
Britain and France issued a ceasefire but it was ignored - invasion on the 5th November 1956 by Britain and France - British troops blocked the Canal
It was clear that
Britain, France and Israel had planned this invasion together
- this angered both the USA and the USSR
1957
Sputnik
The
first artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union
on 4th October 1957 as part of the Soviet space programme
Triggered the Space race between the USA and the USSR
Sputnik II was the second Soviet satellite launched into space by the Soviet Union on 3rd November 1957
Sputnik II was also the first spaceship to carry an animal into orbit (in the form of Lyca the dog)
1961
First man in space
- Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin - 12th April 1961 - completed one orbit of the earth
Construction of Berlin Wall
13th August 1961 to prevent East German migration into West Germany - before the wall, 3.5 million East German citizens fled to West Germany
1968
Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty
Signed on the 1st of July 1968
Limited the spread of nuclear weapons
Prague Spring
Led by Alexander Dubcek in April 1968
'socialism with a human face'
The uprising was then squashed by troops from the Warsaw Pact - Dubcek ordered that the Czech troops were to follow the policy of 'passive resistance'
Brezhnev Doctrine
Created in response to the Prague Spring
Stated that the USSR was allowed to intervene in the affairs of socialist countries in Eastern Europe if communism was threatened
1972
SALT 1
Signed on 26th May 1972
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty/Talk
Limit on the number of missiles and types of weapons each superpower could have
Marked the period of increased co-operation also known as
détente
1969
Ostpolitik
'Aggression in felt slippers'
Normalization of relations between West and East Germany
Allowed for East Germany to then be recognised and joined the United Nations
End of Space Race
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first men on the moon in 1969 - subsequently ending the space race
1975
Helsinki Accords
Signed on 1st of August 1975
The accords addressed some ongoing issues split into three baskets: Post War Borders, Economics, Protection of Human Rights
1979
Invasion of Afghanistan
In December of 1979, the USSR invades Afghanistan
The Soviets fought against the Mujahideen (soldiers of God)
This is also known as USSR's Vietnam, an unwinnable war
The USA supplies stinger missiles to Afghanistan which eliminates the USSR's air space advantage as the missiles were anti-aircraft
1980
Solidarity in Poland
Election of Ronald Reagan
Regarded the USSR as the 'evil empire'
Reaganomics
1983
Star Wars (SDI)
Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI) - Star Wars
Does not work due to literal physics
The USSR try to get it but fails
This leads to the USSR to give up and quit the arms race
This is dangerous now as the MAD is no longer in place