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P2 (LDR + Thermisters, Circuits , Electricity Suply, National Grid ,…
P2
LDR + Thermisters
LDR resistance depends on light intensity and lower resistance in a brighter light. This is used in automatic night lights
Thermistors resistance depends on temperature and lower resistance in hotter temperatures. This is used in thermostats
Circuits
Series Circuit
- The current is the same throughout and the same everywhere.
- The total source potential difference is shared between components
- Total resistance of components = sun of their resistances
Parallel Circuits
- Total current flowing around a circuit = sum of currents through each branch
- PD across each branch is the same as the source PD
Electricity Suply
Alternating Current - Current that consistently changes direction and is produced by an alternating voltage. Used in mains supply
Direct Current - Current that always flows in the same direction and is produced by a direct voltage. Supplied by batteries
National Grid
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Transferring at a high current would heat up the wires and transfer a lo9t of energy to the thermal energy stores of the surrounding - Not efficient.
Current
Current - Flow of electrical charge (A)
Potential Difference - Driving force that pushes charge around (v)
Resistance - Anything that slows down charge (Ohm)
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I-V Characteristics
A resistor at a constant temperature - Linear Graph
A filament lamp - S shaped Graph
Diode - Flat then sudden increase
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