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Reproductive System Monica Robles Period.5 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System
Monica Robles
Period.5
Anatomy of the male
reproductive structures
Penis
- for urination and sexual intercorse
Scrotum
- protects the testes
Testes
- produces, spermatozoa
Prostate
- secretes milky, slighty acidic fluid
Pathway the sperm takes
1.
leaves the testes
2.
passes epididymus
3.
Passe ductus deferens
4.
passes ejaculatory ducts
5.
enters ejactulatory duct
Methods and
Classification of Contraceptives
Injectables
- chemicals - progestogen hormone is released into your bloodstream every 3 months
Pill
- chemical - combined pill, extended/continuous, progestin - stops ovulation
IUD
- Mechanical - copper and Progestia - IUD is put into the opening of the cervix and into the uterus
Diaphragm
- Mechanical - prevents sperm from passing through the cervix
Male Sterilization
- "Vesectomy" - Surgical -tube from testicles to the penis are cut
Internal Condom
- Mechanical - condom inserted in vagina
Female Sterilization
- "Tieing Tubes"- Surgical - small loop of the fallopian tube clamped shut
External Condom
- Mechanical - protective sheath put over penis
Fertility Awareness
- Mechanical - monitoring fertility signs and obtain use condoms on fertal days
Spermicides
- Chemical - blocks the cervix and slows sperms down to make it harder for sperm to swim to egg
Withdrawal
- Behavioral - pull out penis from vagina before ovulation
Anatomy of the female
reproductive structures
and function
Ovaries
- produce gametes; secrete female sex hormones; supports uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina
Uterine (
fillopian
) Tubes
- receive ovulated cycle and are usual site of fertilization
Uterus
- receive, retain, nourished fertilized ovum
contains 5 regions: Body, Fundus, Isthmus, Cervix, Cervical Canal
Vagina
- is the birth canal, passageway for menstrual flow, organ of copulation
Mammary Glands
- provides milk production to nourish newborns
Major functions of the
Reproductive system
Female
Function
: creates hormones and is responsible for fertility, menstruation and sexual activity
Male
Function
: to produce androgens, testosterone, that maintain male reproductive function, promotes spermatogenesis and transport into the female reproductive system for fertilization
Events of the female
hormonal cycles
The Ovarian Cycle
- maturation of egg
contains two consecutive cycles:
Follicular Phase and Luteal Phase
Follucular Phase
1) follicle become sensitive
2) follicles stimulated by FSH to grow
3) FSH levels drop around middle of follicular phase
dominant follicle out complexes other follicles and is only one to continue on
other non-dominant follicle will undergo atresia
4) Primary oocyte of dominant follicle completes meiosis I to form second oocyte
Luteal Phase
-1) After ovulation, ruptured follicle collapses, strium fills with clotted blood
2) Remaining cells from corpus luteum
corpus letum secretes progesterone and some estrogen
IF NO PREGNANCY
: corpus luteum degenerates into corpus albicans (scar) in 10 days
IF PREGNANCY OCCURS:
corpus luteum produces hormones that sustain pregnancy until placenta takes over
The Uterine
(menstrual)
Cycle
-
Three Phases:
Menstral
Phase,
Proliferative
Phase,
Secretory
Phase
Proliferative
(Preovulatory)
Phase
(days 6-14)
estrogen thickens uterine lining for fertilized eggs
ovulation occurs at the end of proliferate phase on day 14
Menstral Phase
(days 1-5)
overian hormones = lowest
GnRH levels = rise
stratum functionalis detaches from uterine wall and is shed
by day 5, growing ovarian follicles start to produce more estrogen
Secretary
(Postovulatory)
Phase
(days 15-28)
ednometrium prepares for embryo implant
IF FERTILIZATION DOES NOT OCCUR:
corpus luteum degenerates toward end of secretoy phase
Endometrial cells die, and glands regress
blood vessels fragment , and functional layer sloughs off and uterine cycle starts over on first day of menstration
Disorders with the
Reproductive System
Syphilis
- sexually transmitted infectious disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum- antibiotics
Genital Herpes
- sexually transmitted infectious disease caused by blisters and open sores in the genital area, Pathogen = herpes simplex - Antiviral Medications
Chlamydia
- Common STD infection that can cause infection among both men and women - perscribed medication
Gonorrhea
- sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium in the genitalia, rectum and throat - perscribed medication
Hepatitis A
- an inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus, spread by infected food/water and sex with infected person - A vaccine
Hepatitis B
- vaccine-preventable liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus, spread by contact with infected blood, semen, and sex - B vaccine
Hepatitis C
- inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus, spread by contact with infected blood and needles - Medical treatment
Trichomoniasis
- sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite - antibiotics
AIDS/HIV
- AIDS is a virus that attacks the body's immune system that can lead to HIV if not treated - vaccination, medication
HPV/Genital Warts
- sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the human papillomavirus, small bump or group of bumps in the genital area - Vaccination, medication
PID
- infection of one or more of the upper reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries, treated if diagnosed early
Bacterial Vaginosis
- type of vaginal inflammation caused by the overgrowth of bacteria naturally found in the vagina, upsets the natural balance - some may go away with treatment
hormones of the
reproductive system
Male
Testosterone
prompts spermatogenesis and targets all accessory organs
has multiple anabolic effects throughout body
Deficiency
= semen volume decline, erection/ejaculation are impaired
Female
Estrogen
promote oogenesis & follicle growth in ovary
support rapid short-lived growth spurts at puberty
induced secondary sex characteristics
growth of breasts, increased deposit of subcotaneous fat, widening and lightening of pelvis
Progesterone
- works with estrogen to establish and regulate uterine cycle
promotes change in cervival mucus
Effects of placental progesterone during pregnancy