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11 Reproductive System Daniel Sanchez p.2 - Coggle Diagram
11 Reproductive System Daniel Sanchez p.2
Major functions of the reproductive system ( male & female)
Male
help with fertilization of the egg
produce large amounts of semen/gamentes
Female
production of egg fertilization
production of egg; prepares for pregnancy
ductus system: delivery of female egg
anatomy of male reproductive structures
Spermatogenesis: begins at puberty; forming male gametes
Sperm: gametes in male; semen carries it w/ liquid
Penis: tubular organ passes conducts urine to outside, also sperm
Vas Deferens: carries sperm from the epididymis; muscular tube like
Testes: Oval like structure that produces sperm
Epididymis: highly coiled, noodle like tubes
Ejaculatory ducts: formed by vas deferens & seminal vesciles; empty to urethra
seminal vesicles: The seminal vesicles make a sugar-rich fluid (fructose) that provides sperm with a source of energy and helps with the sperms’ ability to move
prostate gland: located below urinary bladder in front of rectum
Bulbo-urethral glands ( cowper's gland): located side of urethra, below prostate gland; produce clear slippery fluid
anatomy of female reproductive structures
Oogenesis: total supply of eggs for female
internal parts:
Vagina: muscular canal that joins the cervix
Cervix: lowest part of uterus; cervix dilates during birth
Uterus: hollow, thick-walled,muscular organ; receive,retain, & nourish fertilized ovum
Ovaries: oval-shaped glands located either side of uterus; produce eggs & hormones
Fallopian tubes: narrow tubes; pathway of ovum(eggs) travel from ovaries to uterus
External parts:
labia majora: enclose & protect external reproductive organs
Labia Minora: inside your labia majora;surround the opening of your vagina and urethra
Clitoris: small, sensitive; covered by a fold of skin called the prepuce
Vaginal opening: allows menstrual blood and babies to exit, etc.
Hymen: piece of tissue covering & surrounding vagina opening
hormones of the reproductive system ( male & female)
Male
GNRH: released by low levels of testosterone; stimulates anterior pituitary gland
FSH: puberty & males never finish puberty; stimulates testicular growth
Lh : stimulates semiferous tubules to secrete testrome
testosterone stimulates productive organ development & causes sex drive
Female
Progesterone: triggers supression; completes development of uterus wall, promotes glycogen storage
LH: spike of hormones that triggers ovulation;
FSH: stimulates follicular growth in ovaries, stimulates estrogen secretion
Estrogen: primary sex hormones for females; causes thickens of urine
events of the female hormonal cycle
Ovarian cycle
day 1-14 days is called follicular phase; beginning of menstruation until the ovulation
ovulation happens usual towards mid cycle( day 14); progesterone rises before and causes temp to change
day 15-28 called luteal phase; follicle expels oocyte, empty shell because a corpus
Uterine & menstrual cycle
Menstrual cycle: 1-5 days of bleeding and progesterone/estrogen decline
Proliferation: day 6-1; when estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels. form an ovulated egg
Ovulation: day 14 mid way release of egg
secretory phase: day 15-28 is when ready for pregnancy
disorders associated with the reproductive system
Trichononiasis
description: std caused by infection with a protozoan parasite called trichomonas vaginalis
Transmission: passed from infected person during sex
Signs/symptoms: no symptoms, mild irritation; itching
treatment: prescription medication, pills
prevention: use latex condoms, avoid sex
Genital Herpes
description: std caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2
transmission: vaginal,anal,anus sex someone , released from sores
symptoms: no/mild symptoms, blisters around infected area, painful sores
treatment: latex condoms, avoid sexual contacts
Chlamydia
description: common std that can be easily caused, left untreated, chlamydia can be difficult for women to get preg.
transmission: vaginal,anal,oral sex w/ someone
abnormal vaginal discharge, burning sensation w/ urinating
treatment: prescribed medication
prevention: get tested regularly
Gonorrhea
-des: std that can infect both men & women , infection in genitals, rectum, or throat
transmission: vaginal,anal, oral sex w/ someone, unprotected sex
signs: painful burning urination, pain/swelling
treatment: prescribed medicaiton
prevention: avoid sex until you & your partner complete treatment
hepatitis
des: 1st gets viral hepatitis he/she can develop a vary mild illness w/few or no symptoms
transmission: sharing contaminated equipment
sings: sick for weeks, liver disease, liver failure
treatment: vaccination
prevention: testing vaccination, screen blood
Syphilis
Des: STI that can cause serious health problems if not treated. syphilis is divided into stages: primary, secondary, teritary
transmission: vaginal,anal,oral sex w/ someone
signs: single /multiple sores, skin rashes
treatment: antibiotics
prevention: get tested and treated
AIDS/HIV
des: virus that attacks the body's immune system if HIV is not treated it can lead to AIDS
transmission: anal/vaginal sex
signs: flu-like symptoms within 2 to 4 weeks after infection
treatment: HIV treatment, pills, shots, prescribed medication
HPV/ Genital Warts
des: most common STI, can cause health problems including genital warts and cancer
transmission: vaginal,anal,oral sex with someone who has the virus
signs: no signs, genital warts, and cervical cancer
treatment: genital warts prescribed medication, pap tests
methods & classifications of contraceptives
Diaphragm
Description: prevent sperm from entering vagina during sexual intercourse
mode of protection: mechanical
Effectiveness: perfectly 86%
side effect: imitation; urinary traut infection; allergic reaction
Internal condom
description: used in vagina or anus during sex; thin pouch made of a synthetic latex product called nitrate barrier
Mode of protection: mechanical
Effectiveness: preventing highly of HIV & certain other sexually transmitted disease, like gonorrhea & chlamydia
Side effects: discomfort, pain during sex, burning sensation, rash or itching
External condom
Description: worn over penis during sex. Thin layer or latex, plastic, synthetic rubber, or natural membrane
Mode of protection: Mechanical
Effectiveness: protection against some STDs
Side Effects: irritation, allergic reaction
Fertility Awareness
Description: abstinence from sexual intercourse around time of ovulation; difficult to determine time of ovulation
Mode of Protection: Behavioral
Effectiveness: used typically 76-93%, perfectly 95-99.5%
Side Effects: difficult to determine time of ovulation; not effective
WIthdrawal
description: withdrawal of penis from vagina before ejaculation
Mode of protection: Behavioral
Effectiveness: not very effective
Side effects: some sperm may reach vagina before ejaculation
female sterilization
-description: onetime procedure permanent ( cutting of uterus tube)
mode of protection: srugicial
effectiveness: 99.5 % effective
Side effects: pain;bleeding;infection after surgery
Male sterilization
description: onetime procedure ( vasectomy)
mode of protection: surgical
Effectiveness: 99.5% effective
side effects: pain;bleeding;infection
IUD
description: objects implanted in uterus are either toxic to sperm & egg cells or prevent implantation of embryo by inhibiting growth of endometrium, thicken cervical mucus
mode of protection: mechanical
effectiveness: last 5-10 years 99.5% effective
Side effects: cramps,heavier longer periods
Injectables
description: injection of a progesterone derivative prevents follicle maturation & ovulation, works for 3 months
mode of protection: chemical
effectiveness: 96% used typically, perfectly is 99.5%
side effects: lost of bone density, headaches, and weight gain
Pill
description: contains estrogen & progesterone to prevent pregnancy; disrupt normal hormonal patterns & female cycle; prevent follicle maturation & ovulation
-MOP: chemical
effectiveness: perfectly 97.5%
Side effects: spotting, nausea, headacheas