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REGENARATION - Coggle Diagram
REGENARATION
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Changing places
changing functions:
=the purpose of a place
- administrative (banks, coucil, public services)
- tourism
- retail/commercial
- industrial
functions differ due to demographic changes and/or ethnic changes
reasons for change:
- physical changes: changing landscapes eg coastal landscapes by seamlevel rise, or its proximity to larger urban cities
- accessibiltiy: presence of motorways or rail lines. helps competions with investment and visitors.
eg HS2 connecting london to manchester and other areas helping N-S divide
london has 5 major airports
Eurostar connects to main cities in europe.
- history: some places still reflect their historical characteristics to protect local culture
- local and national planning: govenrment and council planning permissions affect how much a location can change eg uk gov struggling with need to build new homes- development of towns like Bicester village
Measuring change:
looking at IMD data (index of multiple dep)
- imcome
- employment
- education
- health
Past and present:
Regional and national influences:
- eg Reading:
regional influence- on the M4 so easy access to london
attracts migrants as it is close to london and cheaper
many ppl live there but commute to londn for work
elizabeth line now direct london-reading
national influence- high transport spending to allow more interconectedness (heathrow airpor, m4, m40) to connect
- eg middlesbrough:
regional influence- iron ore industry orgionally helped middlesbourough grow industrially decades ago
poor road and rail connections to nearby cities like leeds and newcaslte
national influence- it is a cut off area in north-east
international and global influence
- access to other countries through eurostar, airports
- time of british empire has resulted in increased diversity in the UK
- the global shift has led to factories in places like middlesborough closing so loss of jobs
- larg eeastern european and pakistani communities in london
identity:
-> refers to peoples perceptions, feelings and beliefs and way of life in relation to an area
identity gets brought about generally through a majority of en ethnic group being present
regional success
what makes a region successful:
- high employment rates
- lots of inward migration
- low level of deprivation
- economic success (brought about by the above)
economically successful urban and rural regions will attract investment allowing to grow more
- more younger ppl will move in as there will be more opportunities
- environmental quality debates!!
EG LONDON- kings cross, stratford
EG BERKSHIRE (reading area has uni, m4...)
what makes a region unsuccessful:
places that suffer deindustrialisation trigger a downward spiral of economic decay
EG DETROIT
- suffers due to the global shift
- population fell by 50% in a decade
- derelict houses- ugly area less investment chance
- outwards migration of young ppl
- increased crime rates
-ageing population
(similarly in middlesborough)
regenaration priorities:
-social
-economic
-environmental
ppl will have different opinions on what the priorites are depending on what would benefit them the most
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Rebranding
Re-imaging= using media to change the impression of an area for investment and attracting ppl to it
Re-branding= changing perceived image of an area to outsiders as well as physically regenarating an area
urban re-branding:
using a places identity to successfully integrate industrial heritage
EG BELFAST- titanic quater
- the titanic quarter has become shaped around the titanic and its industrial heirtage
- has luxury shops
- modern architechture and workspace
- university
- ppl travel in to visit it
- tourism has added over 800 jobs and £105million
Rural re-branding:
farm diversification where they adapt to become hotels, shops, farms that ppl can visit and have acitivities
EG LOBBS FARM cornwall
- has butcher, fruit and veg, deli and bakery
(tends to be a seasonal success)
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MY AREAS
KINGS CROSS:
crime rate=153
lots of supermarkets
lots of restaurants and cafes
10 train lines in station and is where eurostar goes from
trains to areas in england eg has LNER
lots of schools in area primary and secondary
avrg income=£49k
lots of cultures eg 30% bangladeshi, 30%white brit 25%black
60% have 2+ alevels
many offices and hi-tech companies eg Google
Harry potter attraction in the station
22% of the area is public green space
WOOD GREEN:
crime rate=318
lots of supermarkets
lots of restraunts and cafes
has a shopping mall so lots of shops
lots of schools but are seen lower quality as it has less investment into the due to area is in
avrg income=£30k
lots of inequalities in pay and education and health
lots of cultures: turkish, indian, pakistanis, eastern european
15% ppl have 2+ alevels
high levels of gang culture
