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Anatomy of the Retina, MP, Modify responses, synaptic contacts, embedded…
Anatomy of the Retina
(most direct) pathway for visual information to exit the eye
photoreceptors
🔌
bipolar
cells 🌧️
ganglion
cells 🌩️
fire APs in response to light
optic nerve
rest of the brain
Amacrine cells ☔⚡👬
project laterally
respond to light
Horizontal cells
project neurites 🚥🤝 laterally
four
regions
outer segment
stack of membranous disks (cont. photopigments)
Rods
long, cylindrical outer segment, containing many disks
pigment: rhodopsin
Cones
shorter, tapering outer segment with fewer membranous disks
3 types (each containing a different pigment)
sensitive to different wavelengths of light
conc. in fovea
greater number of disks = higher photopigment concentration
central fovea: no rods - periphery: very little cones
visual acuity maximized in central vision
many photoreceptors give info to one ganglion cc - peripheral vision much better at detecting dim light
inner segment
cell body
synaptic terminal
laminar organization (layers)
ganglion cell layer
inner-most (a2rab shi aa nos l3en) retinal layer
contains the cell bodies of the ganglion cells
inner nuclear layer
contains the cell bodies of the bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells
outer nuclear layer
contains the cell bodies of the photoreceptors
layer of photoreceptor outer segments
pigmented epithelium
absorbs light & minimizes scattering
maintenance of the photoreceptors and photopigments
outer plexiform layer
inner plexiform layer
How is the retina organized?
MP
Modify responses
synaptic contacts
embedded in