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Applied Recommendations for Enhancement of Performance & Safety,…

- - - - Ability to endure emotional discomfort, calmness in crisis situation, rational & flexible decision making, pragmatic perseverance
    - - High in sensation seeking compared to low risk sports, inconclusive when compared to other high risk sports, possess an awareness of the risk of the activity - important for sense of self & for enjoyment.
    - - Withdraw from others, lack of interest in social interactions, more difficulty maintaining partner relationships, use 'withdrawal' as coping.
    - - Lower in Neuroticism, higher in openness to experience; conscientiousness & extraversion.
- - - - Feelings of happiness reported consistently. Happiness & enjoyment attributed to adventure & extreme challenges.
        
        Unpleasant emotions reported less frequently. Fear was evoked for personal safety, failure & bad weather conditions.
    - - Long term reduction in state anxiety post expedition.
        
        Evidence from longitudinal studies on mental health remains equivocal.
    - - Developing an appreciation of life &,being in the moment.
- - - - Intrinsically Motivated, physical setting is the most strongly endorsed of motivations.
        
        Seek to feel a sense of agency & exert control over the situation they face.
        
        Confidence derived from preparation, developing metacognition, reaching goals & learning from past setbacks.
        
        Seek to stay calm & make rational decisions. Reasons for poor decision making: losing a sense of reality, focusing on the summit, pushing too hard, human errors, inexperience, poor physical & mental conditions.
    - - Metacognitive feelings often led to metacognitive judgements and estimates. Gaining experience often led to a greater awareness.
    - - Improvements or negligible changes were evident more often than deteriorations in: complex attention; executive functions; memory, learning, perceptual & motor functioning.
        
        Findings on language were equivocal, fluency was unaffected but deteriorations were found in syntax and expressive language ability.
        
        Significant deteriorations found in perception and speech motor control.
        
        Acclimatization was identified as a key mechanism for guarding against the adverse effects of NF.
        
        There is less evidence to show long term deteriorations in NF.
    - - Engaging in extensive planning before mountaineering is crucial for expedition success and improving safety.
        
        There is attentional monitoring of external (environmental conditions) and internal stimulus (exertional discomfort & physical warning signs).
        
        Suppression is a widely reported emotional regulation strategy used to facilitate rational thinking. Distractive strategies was also used.