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Synoptic Gospels - Coggle Diagram
Synoptic Gospels
background
Gospel means good news about Jesus. There are 4 versions in the NT (Mt, Mk, Lk and Jn). Synoptic means 'viewed together' i.e the the stories are presented together in similar ways. Mk, Mt and Lk are all synoptics
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there are 4 types of miracles in the synoptics - exorcisms, healings, raising to life, nature
the SYNOPTIC PROBLEM is the problem of how exactly the content of the synoptics in the NT is related. there are similarities and differences in all 3
early scholars (St Augustine) believed that Mt wrote first (28 chapters) then Mk (16 chp) then Lk who used Mt and Mk. However further NT studies believe it's possible that Mk wrote first.
SOURCE CRITICISM- scholars looking at the end result and trying to determine the sources of the 'finished' gospels
FORM CRITICISM- goes further than identifying sources, it explores forms of text/ oral. such forms inlcude, parables, miracles and stories
proto gospel
some scholars think there might be a photo gospel (a first attempt) written in Aramaic which all 3 synoptics had access to. REDACTION CRITICISM- what authors do with there source
it also suggests that the proto-gospel might best represent the original preachings of Jesus and his disciples
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AGAINST
none of the earliest Christian writers make any reference to a gospel. Scholars generally think that the SG where written relatively early in C1st Palestine. this means there is no need for a Photo-gospel as the NT gospels were written relatively quickly after Jesus death
2 source hypothesis
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he also believed that there was a hypothetical source (Q) which consists of content in both Mt and Lk but NOT in Mk. it has never been found and is mostly saying of Jesus. This means that both Lk and Mt both had access to Mk and Q but didn't know each other
4 source hypothesis
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he believed in the priority of Mark and the hypothetical source (Q) but also in Lk special source(L) and Mt special source (M)
this means that Lk wrote using Mk, Q and L
Mt wrote using Mk, Q and M