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B2 (Factors for Non-Communicable diseases, Health and Disease, Plant…
B2
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Health and Disease
Health is the state of physical and mental wellbeingThings that can effect it:
- Diet
- Stress
- Life situations
Diseases -
Communicable diseases - A disease that can spread from person to person or between animals and humans
Non-Communicable Diseases - A disease that cannot spread between people or between animals and humans
Human cost - Tens of millions of people die from non-communicable diseases each year. Those living with these diseases may have poorer quality of life and a shorter life-span
Financial Costs - Researching and treating diseases costs health organisations loads of money. Those diseases may not be able to work, which can affect family finances as well as the countries economy
Plant Tissues
- Epidermal Tissue - Covered with a waxy cuticle in the leaf to reduce water loss. Cells in the upper layer are transparent to let light through
- Palisade Mesophyll Tissue - Where most photosynthesis happens (lots of chloroplasts)
- Spongy Mesophyll Tissue - Has air spacesto aloow diffusion of gasses
- Meristem Tissue - Found at the growing tips of shoots and roots. The cells can differentiate into many types of cell so the plant can grow
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Digestion
Amylase - Breaks down starch - Into maltose and sugars - produced in the salivary gland, small intestine and pancreas
Protease - Breaks down protein - Into amino acids - Produced in the stomach, small intestine and pancreas
Lipase - Breaks down lipid - Into glycerol and fatty acids - Produced in the small intestine and pancreas
Treatments for CD
- Statins - Reduce the amount of LDL cholesterol in the blood - Needs to be taken long term and has lots of side effects
- Stent - Keeps coronary arteries open for a long time - Surgery can cause internal bleeding and infection
- Heart Transplant - Can treat heart failure and they can work better - However doner hearts can be rejected by the immune system
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Blood Vessels
- Arteries - Carries blood away from the heart
- Capillaries - Carries blood close to body cells to exchange substances
- Veins - Carries blood back to the heart
Blood Components
Red Blood Cells - They carry oxygen around the body
White Blood Cells - They defend against infection
Platelets - They help blood to clot a wound
Plasma - They carry everything in the blood
Xylem
- Hollow tubes made of dead cells
- Lignin for strength
- Water and mineral ions
Phloem
- Elongated living cells
- Small pores in end walls to let cell sap through
- Food substances are moved from leaves to the rest of the plants
Transpiration rates
- Warm temperatures
- High light intensity
- Good air flow
- Low humidity