«Punishment, for Durkheim, is above all a moral process. It is propelled by moral sentiments, its forms symbolize and express moral judgements, and its effects are primarily to reaffirm the moral order. In effect, punishment sets up a kind of moral circuitry, channeling the energy of collective sentiments into a self-sustaining and socially binding circle of affirmation» (Garland, 1990: 47)