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common hazards in urban neighbourhoods (chp 2.3) - Coggle Diagram
common hazards in urban neighbourhoods (chp 2.3)
hazard
refers to process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, other health impacts, property damage, social and economic consequences
classified as natural or man-made
natural hazards: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions
man-made: traffic hazard
fire hazard & impacts
may occur in residential & non-residential areas
common cause include: unattended cooking, faulty electrical appliances and wiring which can ignite nearby flammable materials resulting in fire
impacts include:
health impacts
property damage
health impacts
burn injuries
severe ones may lead disabilities or death
high levels of carbon monoxide & co2 may be released, and may cause carbon monoxide poisoning
may cause headache, dizziness, weakness, confusion, lead to loss of consciousness and death.
harder for ppl to escape
smoke inhalation can cause breath difficulties and suffocation, which may lead to death
irritants, like acid gases, may permanently damage someone's respiratory system
property damage
fires can destroy commercial or residential properties
lead to economic losses e.g. goods, furniture, important documents may be destroyed
further costs may be incurred as money is required to repair and rebuild properties that were damaged
air pollution
occurs due to presence of contaminant or pollutant substances in air that don't disperse properly
hence interfere human health, welfare or produce other harmful environmental effects
common causes:
burning vegetation
hot weather
industrial and motor emissions
co2 and other pollutants released into the atmosphere
vegetation fire caused by hot and dry weather results in slight deterioration
increase car ownership and usage that produce significant amount of exhaust emissions e.g. nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, other pollutants
health impacts include:
respiration infections
health disease
lung cancer
nitrogen dioxide emitted in areas with high traffic
PM2.5, particulate matter lik smoke, with diameter less than 2.5 micrometers are produced in neighbourhoods
< pollutants may lead to poor health
high exposure of nitrogen dioxide may lead to higher risks of asthma in children
may cause lung function decline in adults as PM2.5 can enter bloodstream and lodge deep in human lungs
traffic hazards
common causes:
speeding
red-light running
drink-driving
< accidents often caused by irresponsible motorists
health impacts:
serious injuries
^ may lead to disabilities or loss of life