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TUBERCULOSIS
(TB), PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - Coggle Diagram
TUBERCULOSIS
(TB)
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HEALTH EDUCATION
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Preventive, curative and rehabilitative services from Department of Health and Hospital Authority
Care and concern for the health of family members, especially elderly
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Management
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2 additional antibiotics (pyrazinamide and ethambutol) for the first 2 months of the 6-month treatment period.
After taking antibiotics for 2 weeks, most people are no longer infectious and feel better.
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INVESTIGATION
Mantoux test, also called the tuberculin skin test (TST) [within 48 to 72 hours].
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Blood – for ELISA test. (trace of turbeculosis Antigen, antibody IgE,IgM).
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ETIOLOGY
- Risk factor
-weakened immune system(HV/DM)
-Travelling or living in certain areas
(africa,asia and rusia)
-Using subtance
-Using tobacco
-Working in healthcare
-Living or working in a residential care facility
- Bacterium called mycobacterium tuberculosis
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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- Droplet nuclei containing tuberculosis bacilli are inhaled, enter the lungs and travel to the alveoli
- Tuberculosis bacilli multiply in the alveoli
- A small number of tuberculosis bacilli enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body. The tuberculosis bacilli may reach any part of the body, including areas where TB disease is more likely to develop (such as the brain, larynx, lymph nodes, lung, spine, bone or kidney)
- Within 2 to 8 weeks, special immune cells called macrophages ingest and surround the tuberculosis bacilli. The cells form a barrier she'll, called a granuloma, that keeps the bacilli contained and under control.
- If the immune system cannot keep the tuberculosis bacilli under control, the bacilli begin to multiply rapidly (TB disease). This process can occur in different areas in the body, such as the lungs, kidneys, brain or bone.