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Social Influence., Obedience, Agentic State and Legitimacy of Authority,…
Social Influence.
Conformity: types.
Internalisation.
- when someone complies because they agree with the values
Identification.
- when a person complies because they identify with the group, publicly and privately agree with the values
Compliance.
- when people conform to gain approval or avoid dissapproval.
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Evaluation: STRENGTHS
Research supports the concept of informational social influence:
- Wittenbrink and Henley found that individuals exposed to the idea that the majority of their peers had a negative belief about African-Americans would later report that same negative viewpoint themselves.
Research supports the concept of normative influence:
- Linkenbach and Perkins found that adolescents who were exposed to the idea that their peers did not smoke were less likely to begin smoking themselves. "Smokin's bad..mkay?"
- This supports the idea that people shape ether behaviour to fit in with peers.
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Obedience
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Key Study: Milgram
- The learner stopped responding after 315 volts administered, the teacher was 'prodded' by the scientist.
Findings:
- all participants administered up to 300 volts, with only 12.5% of participants stopping at 300V.
- 65% of participants continued administering shocks up to 450V
- 40 male volunteers were assigned to a role of teacher and confederate was assigned to role of learner.
- Participant was alone with an interface and a 'scientist' in a white coat. The 'learner' was on the other side of the wall (or so they were told)
- Instructed to shock the learner if they got the answer wrong with increasing voltage for every answer they got wrong.
Milgram: Evaluation:
Milgram's study suffered a lack of realism.
- Perry suggested that the situation lacked ecological validity, meaning that participants may have been skeptical of the shocks and if they were actually real.
- Because of this, Perry concluded that the participants may have only administered the shocks because they knew that they weren't real.
Historical Validity:
- Blass found no relation between year of publication and obedience level, suggesting that Milgrams studies are still relevant today.
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Minority Influence
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Evaluation:
The real value of minority influence is that it opens the mind.
- Nemeth argued exposure to minority influence leads people to make better decisions.
Nemeth and Brilmayer provided support for the role of flexibility a stimulated jury situation
- a group discussed how much someone should be payed in compensation after an accident. A minority who compromised were much more likely to exert an influence