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The Chuch in 1529 - Coggle Diagram
The Chuch in 1529
The political and social role of the church
Churchmen as royal advisors
English kings were keen to demonstrate their alliegiance to the ‘Christiandom’
Abbots and bishops sat in Hourse of Lords with nobility
Deciding on legislation and advisign the King
Cardinal Wolsey
Principal advisor to the king, chancellor (legal system), cardinal, Archbishop of York, legates a latere
Defined links between church and state
Clearly exploited his position as second most important in English government to achieve outcomes that enhanced both Henrys and his position
Church teachings on monarchical authority
While the church taught obedience to the monarch, the Pope had the authority to excommunicate the monarch is he be a heretic or tyrant
The church had authority over the whole population as law required everyone to be a parishioner, attend church every Sunday and celebrate liturgy (practises of church)
Henry was dependent on the church for social control
The king was unknown outside nobility whereas each parishioner knew a priest
Although parishioners were illiterate, the church decorations showed clearly laws and demands (ten commandments)
Importance of supporting the poor was stressed and so they were looked after by the church
Salvation by faith, purgatory
Wealth of the church
Ordinary people paid tax to the church (peters pence). A tithe was paid where everyone had to pay a tenth of what they had produced or earnt in the last year to the church
Monasteries were extremely wealthy and had great economic and political power
Nobility and gentry gave gifts of land and silver and gold
Religious hoses/institutions
Abbeys were places of prayer and learning whereas monks who lived in towns worked within the community, helping with their medical knowledge and providing the nobility and gentry with education
Church Courts
Could fine individuals for not attending church or breaking Ten Commandments
Infringements of society’s moral code was brought upon church courts and were fined or imprisoned. They were only executed for heresy
Used for providing wills and possessions were often left to church
The church played a significant role in matters of state. Taxation structures and legal systems, church courts, were necessary for the King and Rome
The king was dependent on royal advisors such as Cardinal Wolsey
They church provided key economic and social functions in local communities
The church provided the religious basis of laws of the country
Popular Piety and the Church’s spiritual role
Spirtual role
Powerful because it provided link between God and human beings
The liturgical year was when the agricultural and church fitted together to celebrate feast of holy days
People most likely took part in rituals due to superstition, they wanted to get into heaven and not be put into church courts and so took part, not because they were devout chirstians
Lay religious guilds
Those who could afford it joined guilds which provided a chapel and a priest for people who contributed to a fund
The guild would regularly pray for a dead persons soul and provided a funeral
Help with the dead and the living; pray for the dead and help in financial circumstances
Strict moral code and required attendance at Guild masses and funerals of other members
Key spiritual beliefs: religious doctrine and practise
Heaven, hell and purgatory
People believe that they were sinners, holding original sin and sins from lifetime of disobeying God
Masses could be held in chantries where they pray for the dead to reduce their time in purgatory
When a person died, unless they had lived a sinless life, catholics believed they would spend time in purgatory where they are judged before going to heaven
They believed their time in purgatory could be reduced through indulgences: going on a pilgrimage or touching the relics of a saint
People demonstrated their faith by going on pilgrimages, usually poorer people who could not afford guilds etc. They may be lengthy and dangerous and to visit a tomb of a saint. People also made pilgrimages to seek a cure to illness or disease.
Huge doom paintings were displayed in churches as a way to remind cbhirstains of the reward of heaven and the agony of hell to steer them away for dissenting and sin
Time spent on earth was seen as preparation for Heaven. Living life by the church was a way to get into eternal life with Christ whereas not was a ticket to hell, tortured by the devil.
The seven sacraments
Key to catholic faith and took place from baptism to last rites.
Most important sacrament was mass when the priest carried out a re-enactment of the Last Supper
Catholics believed they underwent a transformation in which they became the blood and body of Christ (transubstantiation)
The laity only took bread once a year at Easter and never the wine, only drank by priest
Baptism, confirmation, marriage, ordination, confession, mass, last rites