ORGANIC REACTION
ADDITION REACTION
ELIMINATION REACTION
TERTIARY ALKYL HALIDES UNDERGO SUBSITUTUION REACTIONS BY FIRST ORDER MECHANISM
SN1( UNIMOLECULAR SUBSTITUTION REACTION)
NUCLEPHILIC REACTIONS
SN2 (BIMOLECULAR SUBSTITUTION REACTION)
This reaction involve the replacement of an atom or a group of atoms present in the organic compound by the nucleophile.
a group or radical attached to a carbon atom is replaced by another atom or group of atoms called substituents.
The nucleophile collides with reactant molecule at the face most remote (back side attack) to the halogen atom
SUBSTITUTION REACTION
ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION
This are initiated by the electrophilic reagents and involves the replacement of atom or a group of atoms present in the organic compound by the electrophile.
FREE RADICAL REACTION
Substitutions are initiated by free radical. The reaction takes place by a free radical chain mechanism.
involves the loss of halogen and the hydrogen atom from a carbon adjacent to the one losing the halogen (beta-elimination).
SAYTZEFF'S RULE
The favored product in dehydrohalogenation reactions is the alkene with the greatest amount of alkyl groups connected to the doubly bound carbon atoms.”
HALOGENATION ( ADDITION OF HALOGEN)
HYDROGENATION ( ADDITION OF HYDROGEN )
HYDRATION ( ADDITION OF WATER)
MARKOUNIKOVS RULE
PEROXIDE EFFECT/ ANTIMARKOUNIKOVS RULE
OXIDATION REACTION
In presence of peroxides such as benzyl peroxide, the addition of HBr to unsymmetrical alkenes takes place contrary to Markovnikov rule. This is known as Peroxide effect or Kharasch Effect
OXIDATION WITH HOT ALKANINE KMno4
OXIDATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
OXIDATION OF ALKANES
OXIDATION OF ALDEHYDES
COMBUSTION
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TOLLENS REAGENT (AgNO3)
FEHLINGS SOLUTION (Cu2+)
MECHANISM INVOLVED
E1( ELIMINATION OF UNIMOLECULAR)
E2( ELIMINATION OF BIOMOLECULAR)
REDUCTION
The addition of unsymmetrical reagents such as HX HO, HOX etc. to unsymmetrical alkene occurs in such a way that the negative part of the addendum goes to that carbon atom of the double bond which carries lesser member of hydrogen atom
REDUCTION OF AROMATIC COMPOUND
REDUCTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
HYDROGENATION OF ALKYNES
REDUCTION OF ACID CHLORIDE
REDUCTION OF ALKENES
REDUCTION OF ACID AMIDE
REDUCTION TO ALCOHOLS
REDUCTION TO ALKANES
REDUCTION TO ALDEHYDES ( ROSENMUND'S REACTION)
REDUCTION TO ALCOHOLS
CHAIN PROPAGATING STEP
CHAIN INIATIATING STEP
CHAIN TERMINATING STEP
DEHYDROHALOGENATION
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