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Eye Structure, :black_small_square:, no cure, :green_cross: - Coggle…

- - - - nourished by
        
        aqueous humor 🧑🏻‍🍼
  - - - Conjunctiva 🤝
  - - - blind spot
      - where optic nerve fibers exit the retina
      - blood vessels 🩸
    - - Fovea :hole:
        
        dark spot about 2 mm in diameter
        
        thinnest place in retina
        
        CENTER of the retina
        
        anatomical reference point
        
        nasal, temporal
        
        superior, inferior
      - central vision
        
        absence of large blood vessels
  - - - ciliary muscle 💍
- - - - misalignment or lack of coordination between the 2 eyes
      - esotropia
        
        cross-eyed
      - exotropia
        
        wall-eyed
      - most cases: congenital
        
        can correct during early childhood :eyeglasses: 💉
        
        if not: suppress input from one eye → amblyopic
  - - - common >65 y.o
        
        surgery required, replace w/artificial lens :eyeglasses: 💉
  - - - leading cause of blindness
      - nerve axons are compressed, vision gradually lost from periphery → center
        
        need early detection & treatment (medication or surgery) to reduce intraocular pressure :pill: 💉
  - - - loss: periphery → center
    - - loss: only central
      - common >65 y.o
  - - - focuses parallel light rays on the retina without the need for accommodation
    - - hyperopia / farsightedness
        
        near objects focused at a point behind the retina
        
        correct by using
        
        convex lenses
    - - myopia / nearsightedness
        
        parallel rays converge before the retina, cross, and again be imaged on the retina as a blurry circle
        
        correct by using
        
        concave lenses
        
        radial keratotomy (flatten cornea)
        
        reshape cornea
        
        PRK
        
        LASIK
    - - astigmatism
        
        correct by using
        
        artificial lens that is curved more along one axis than the other
  - - - corrected with bifocal lens
        
        concave on top to assist (v)far vision, and convex(close) on the bottom to assist near vision