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ROLE OF KIDNEY IN HOMEOSTASIS, :, CONTROLE OF ARTERIAL BLOOD, Reaction…
ROLE OF KIDNEY IN HOMEOSTASIS
Waste products from metabolism are eliminated
through the kidneys.
Metabolites of hormone
Urea (from amino acids)
Bilirubin (Hemoglobin breakdown
Uric acid
Creatinine (from muscle)
RAAS
Step 1: Renin is release after sensing low BP buy
juxtaglomerular apparatus
Renin converts angiotensinogen into Angiotensin 1
Angiotensin 1 and ACE in lungs together becomes Angiotensin 2
Step 2: Aldosterone is synthesized with the effect of angiotensin 2 in the adrenal gland
Reabsorption of sodium and water occurs with aldosterone.
Then sodium and water come into cells and potassium move out into the collecting duct. Fluid volume and blood pressure are Increased.
Aldosterone works in principle cells and alpha interrelated cells in the collecting duct. .
The efferent arteriole becomes constricted with the effect of
Angiotensin 2 and causes decreased blood flow and increased hydrostatic pressure, so glomerular filtration increases.
Kidney has an important role in the regulation of arterial
blood pressure
Sodium excretion directly regulates by Renal Artery Perfusion Pressure.
Acid base balance
Kidneys have a crucial role in maintaining acid-base
balance: Reabsorb bicarbonate from urine and
excrete hydrogen ions in the urine.
Buffer system
Phosphate buffer system HPO4- + H+=H2PO4
Bicarbonate buffer system CO2=H2Om <->
H2CO3 <->H++HCO3-
Ammonia buffer system NH3
H+ =NH4+
In Acidosis:-excretion of bicarbonate
increase in kidneys, and it leads to loss of bicarbonate from the extracellular fluid and alkalization of urine.
In Alkalosis:- the kidney eliminates more amount of hydrogen ions and HCO3- reabsorbs into the blood.
Exchange between K+ and H+ ions happens in DT. Around
20-30% re-absorption of HCO3- occurs.
About 70-80% of HCO3 reabsorption occurs in PCT
Control of fluid and electrolyte balances
KIdneys have vital role in controlling volume and
composition of body fluids
Active and passive transport
kidney balance potassium, phosphorus, sodium, calcium, and
magnesium
PCT: 65% potassium reabsorbed by cotransport with sodium+, 65% sodium reabsorbed, and 25% magnesium actively reabsorbed.
DT: Reabsorption of Sodium and magnesium and secretion of
potassium and magnesium also occurs.
Loop of Henle: Reabsorption of 65% magnesium,25% sodium,
25% calcium and 27% of K+ happens.
Erythropoietin stimulates the production of RBC in bone marrow
Calcitriol, which is produced in the kidney has a role in maintaining
calcium and phosphorus homeostasis
Renin helps to synthesis angiotensin 2. It has many functions
in the body.
:
CONTROLE OF ARTERIAL BLOOD
Reaction of
kidney in alkalosis and
acidosis
Kidneys help to maintain the concentration of
electrolyte by controlling it concentration in the body.
Excretion of foreign chemicals, drugs,
metabolic waste and hormone metabolites
MIND MAP
SECRETION OF HORMONE.