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Archaeology Chapter 9: Early Hominins in Europe - Coggle Diagram
Archaeology Chapter 9: Early Hominins in Europe
European Hominin Sites:
Orce, Spain
Barranco Leon
1 hominin tooth.
also simple Oldowan stone tools
1.4 mya and dated by various
methods:
small mammal Biochronology
Paleomagnetism (more on this below)
oldest evidence for hominins in Europe
Atapuerca, Spain
Atapuerca Hills Cave Locations
Gran Dolina
Sima Del Elefante
oldest evidence for hominins in Europe
Dating methods:
Absolute, chronometric, or radiometric dating
Biochronology
Paleomagnetism
Study of ancient magnetic fields.
How can we use this to date sites?
particles align with whichever pole
(North or South) is positive at the time
Compacted sediments = partice orientation is locked in.
Sediments oriented north = relatively recent, sediments oriented south = at least 780,000 years old.
Homo Heidelbergensis
Acheulian handaxe technology :
Brought with H. Heidelbergensis from Africa (or re - invented in Europe).
Mauer, Germany
"Type fossil" of H. Heidelbergensis.
massive lower jaw with moderately-sized teeth
~ 600,000 years ago.
Petralona, Greece
cranial capacity = 1230 cc
650 - 250,000 years ago.
Postcrania
H. Heidelbergensis = similar muscles and stature to humans. BUT, H. Heidelbergensis = more robust and muscular than humans.
Any evidence of injuries?
Some bones had pre-mortem fractures – these occurred some time before death and had time to heal.