A Global Conflict

War Affects the Home Front

War Affects the World

The Legacy of The War

The Allies Win The War

the Russian Revolution took place in 1917, during the final phase of World War I. It removed Russia from the war and brought about the transformation of the Russian Empire into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, replacing Russia's traditional monarchy with the world's first Communist state.

What effect did the Russian Revolution have on Russia’s role in World War I?

The war has been going on for 3 years since the United States joined the Allies.

What strategies new to World War I probably contributed to the destruction of homes, villages and farms?

The Gallipoli Campaign

Europe had lost so many men in those 3 years than all the wars in the previous centuries.

As some European nations acquired more overseas territories than others, tensions between these countries began to rise. Imperialism led to increased competition between the major European powers and a desire for territorial expansion and economic gain.

How did the surrender of the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the revolution in Austria-Hungary lead to the end of World War I?

A promising strategy for the Allies was to attack the Dardanelles Strait

Russia's threatening against Germany resulted in military action by German forces, which followed through with its own mobilization and a declaration of war on August 1, 1914. At the outset of hostilities, Russian forces led offensives against both Germany and Austria-Hungary.

Allies believed they could take Constantinople, defeat the Turks, and establish a supply line to Russia

Why might Westerners have experienced disillusionment in the wake of World War I?



This then because a total war, where countries devote all of their supplies and resources to this effort.

Germany had formally surrendered on November 11, 1918, and all nations had agreed to stop fighting while the terms of peace were negotiated. On June 28, 1919, Germany and the Allied Nations (including Britain, France, Italy and Russia) signed the Treaty of Versailles, formally ending the war.

Was a gateway to the Ottoman capital, Constantinople

Despair at the tremendous loss of life and economic devastation and at the uselessness of all of the suffering that took place.

This war affected everyone, not just soldiers in the trenches, but civilians too.

Feb. 1915- Gallipoli campaign

The First World War destroyed empires, created numerous new nation-states, encouraged independence movements in Europe's colonies, forced the United States to become a world power and led directly to Soviet communism and the rise of Hitler

Some countries dedicated their entire force of government to win this. Countries included Britain, Germany, Russia, and France.

British, Australian, New Zealand, and French Troops attacked Gallipoli Peninsula on western side of strait

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In each country, the wartime government took control of the economy and government told factories how much they could produce.

Turned into another bloody stalemate

Both side dug trenches for about a year

Allies gave up campaign and evauated

Suffered about 250,000 casulaties

Many facilities were turned into munition factories and almost every civilian was put to work. Unemployment in a lot of European countries disappeared.

Battles in Africa and Asia

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America joins the fight

Germany's colonial possessions in Africa and Asia were attacked

Why did the Allies want to establish a supply line to Russia?

Why did the wartime governments take control of their countries' economies ?

They wanted all to make sure all the resources were being devoted for winning the war.

Because they needed to aid them in the war. Russia really only had 1 front that was boardering with Austria and Germany, so they needed a better way to help them.

Japanese overran German outposts in China

Germany's Pacific island colonies were also captured

A lot of goods were in short supply so governments turned to rationing. Then, people could only buy small amounts of items that were needed for war efforts too. But, then rationing covered a wide range of goods.

English and French troops captured 3 of Germany's four African possessions

Elsewhere in Asia and Africa, the British and French recruited subjects in their colonies

CHANGE

Some wanted nothing to do with their European rulers' conflicts


The event that sparked the conflagration was the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, in 1914

Others thought that service might lead to independence

Why did the Total War lead to rationing?

They were already in short supply of goods. So they had to do something about it. So then, they just made it where you bought smaller amounts because they were being used for war efforts.

Mohandas Gandhi


Most of the casualties during WWI are due to war related famine and disease. Civilian deaths due to the Spanish flu have been excluded from these figures, whenever possible. Moreover, civilian deaths include the Armenian Genocide.


World War I took the lives of more than 9 million soldiers; 21 million more were wounded. Civilian casualties numbered close to 10 million.

“If we would improve our status through the help and cooperation of the British,” he wrote, “it was our duty to win their help by standing by them in their hour of need.”

Governments suppressed antiwar activity. They even censored news about war.

1917- war shifted to high seas, almost causing U.S to join war

Germans intensified the submarines warfare, and in January, the Germans announced that their submarines would sink without warning any ship around Britain ("Unrestricted Submarine warfare")

Leaders feared that honest review about the war would turn people away from it. The governments used propaganda to keep up morale and support for the war.

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Germans had tried this before- May 7, 1915, German U-boat sunk the Lusitania

Lusitania was a British passenger ship

Total War meant that the governments turned to help women, which hasn't happened before. Many women started replacing men in factories, offices, and shops. They started building tanks, munitions, plowed fields, paved streets, and ran hospitals. They were the ones to supply troops with food, weapons, and clothes.

Left 128 U.S citizens dead

Germany claimed the ship was carrying ammo, which was false

Caused America to be outraged

Pres. Wilson sent protest to Germany, and Germany finally agreed to stop attacking neutral and passenger ships

February 1917- another German action pushed U.S close to war

Most women did leave the work force once the war ended. This was because the views of women changed on what they were capable doing. Women saw horrors of war firsthand when working on or near the front lines as nurses or relief workers.

The Zimmerman Note: Officials intercepted a telegram written by Arthur Zimmerman- Germany's foreign secretary

Stated Germany would help Mexico reconquer its land in the U.S if Mexico would ally with Germany

Was the last straw for U.S

Most of America favored the Allies- specifically England due to shared ancestry and language. More important, America had stronger economic ties with the Allies

April 2, 1917- Pres. Wilson asked congress to join the war, and days later, U.S joined on side of the Allies.

How did the Zimmerman Note draw America into the war?

It gave the U.S a solid reason to side with the allies since Germany was making secret plans against the them. After the Lusitania, the U.S was just waiting for a solid reason to join the war, and this was it.

Concept: War

Concept: Conquest

Concept: Empire

Concept: War