Global Conflict

War affects the world

Legacy of the war

The war left millions dead and displaced. It crippled an entire generation and left scars that are still healing

The Allies Win the War

War Affects the Home Front

As the war continued the main combatants were looking beyond Europe for a way to end the war.

None of the formed alliances or new opened battlefronts did much to slow or end the grinding conflict

What new strategies led to the destruction of homes and villages?

The focus of the war had shifted to the seas. The Germans had intensified their submarine warfare

Russia Withdrawals

The use of mass artillery barrages contributed the most to the destruction of civilian buildings and structures

When the United States joined the Allies the war had been going for nearly three years.

Why did the Allies want to establish a supply line to Russia?

The Central Powers Collapse

Large barrages of massive artillery pieces which could be quite inaccurate led to houses being destroyed both deliberately and by accident

In the first three years Europe had lost more men in battle than in all the wars of the previous three centuries.

The allies wanted to use the Dardanelles strait to establish a supply line, this way they could provide Russia with supply. Russia was not a very industrialized country therefore, they could not replenish their supplies fast enough to continue battling well.

Why did the wartime governments take control of their countries' economies?

In March 1917, due in large part to war-related shortages of food and fuel, it forced Czar Nicholas to step down

The allies had implemented a strategy to attack a region in the Ottoman Empire known as the Dardanelles

conflict

In his place a provisional government was established. The new government pledged to continue fighting the war

To ensure that all resources would be dedicated to winning the war.

Why might westerners have become disillusioned after the war?

However, by 1917, nearly 5.5 million Russian soldiers had been wounded, killed, or taken prisoner.

Eight months after the new government took over, a revolution shook Russia

WW1 then became a Total war, this meant that countries devoted all their resources to the war effort.

the war upended the world and killed millions

The sea straight was the gateway to the Ottoman capital. By securing the Dardanelles the allies thought they could take the capital, defeat the Turks, and establish a supply line to Russia

In November 1917, Communist leader Vladimir Ilyich Lenin seized power.

especially in the west everyone either fought in the war or knew someone who did and someone who died

Lenin insisted on ending his country’s involvement in the war. One of his first acts was to offer Germany a truce.

Nationalism

Revolution

How did Total War lead to rationing?

many people who were ardent nationalists fought in the war and after seeing friends and loved ones die horrific deaths in front of their eyes grew apathetic or hateful towards the nation that had sent them to war

In March 1918, Germany and Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which ended the war between them.

It meant devoting essential goods to the war effort, leaving less for those at home, also so many goods were in short supply.

What effect did the Russian Revolution have on Russia’s role in World War I?

British, Australian, New Zealand, and French troops attempted repeated assaults on the Gallipoli Peninsula.

It practically ended the war because it stopped all conflict with Russia and Germany. But it helped Germany because it allowed them to move all of their forces to the Western Front to launch one final attack on France.

many also felt lied to by their country. The war was supposed to be glorious, quick, and full of epic acts of heroism. Instead it was a miserable desperate fight with thousands dying pointlessly each day in front of men they had served with for months to years

Turkish troops vigorously defended the region. My may the region turned into another stalemate

Governments used propaganda to keep up morale and support for the war.

Values and Beliefs

many young men also had their core beliefs shaken and torn apart in a war they now saw as a futile war against men who they had more in common with than their own leaders

In March 1918, the Germans mounted one final, massive attack on the Allies in France

Both sides then dug trenches where they would continue to fight for the rest of the year. In december the allies had given up the campaign and started to evacuate.

Because of total war governments turned to help from women, thousands of women replaced men in factories, offices, and shops. Women built tanks and munitions, plowed fields, paved streets, and ran hospitals. They also kept troops supplied with food, clothing, and weapons.

bullets are cheap but lives are expensive so artillery was used at almost every opportunity

Many of those who fought felt broken and lost after losing first their friends then their humanity in a war they saw as pointless. Only to return to civilian life to find out that they no longer belong in normal society after years in a trench surrounded by death and despair

As in the opening weeks of the war, the German forces crushed everything in their path

Soon, the Central Powers began to crumble. First the Bulgarians and then the Ottoman Turks surrendered

By late May 1918, the Germans had again reached the Marne River. Paris was less than 40 miles away. Victory seemed within reach.

In parts of Asia and Africa Germany's possessions were under assault. The Japanese overran German outposts in China

American nurse Shirley Millard describes her experience with a soldier who had lost both eyes and feet.


By this time, however, the German military had weakened. The effort to reach the Marne had exhausted men and supplies alike

Sensing this weakness, the Allies—with the aid of nearly 140,000 fresh U.S. troops—launched a counterattack

With the arrival of 2 million more American troops, the Allied forces began to advance steadily toward Germany.

The Japanese also captures some of Germany's pacific islands

evolution swept through Austria-Hungary. In Germany, soldiers mutinied, and the public turned on the kaiser.

On November 9, 1918, Kaiser Wilhelm II stepped down. Germany declared itself a republic

English and French troops had began attacking Germany's four African possessions. However, they inly took control of three

In Britain, Germany, Austria, Russia, and France, the entire force of government was dedicated to winning the conflict.

On November 11, World War I came to an end.

British and French troops recruited subjects in other colonies in Africa and Asia to help aid in the struggle

Militarism

How did the surrender of the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the revolution in Austria-Hungary lead to the end of World War I?

Alliance

It lead to the end of WWI because this caused the Central powers to collapse and because Germany had no help they could no longer fight France and The USA.

Total War

The Germans declared a policy of attacking any ship in the waters around Britain

How did the Zimmerman Note draw America into the war?

The Zimmerman Note had been a plea from Germany to Mexico asking them to aid in the war and in return they would help reconquer land from America

Escalation

As the war continued countries had to keep escalating and improving to get ahead of their enemies

Consequence

The Germans had decided to continue with their policy to sink any ship in the British seas which caused the Americans to have even more reason to join in the War