Astronomy(The study of things outside earth's atmosphere)

Planetary Science

Astrophysics(A branch of astronomy about the physical appearance of celestial bodies and applying the laws and theories of physics to astronomical observations.)

Planets

Terrestrial planets(Solid planets like earth and mars, not planets made of gasses such as saturn and jupiter.)

Atmosphere(A mixture of gasses that surrounds a planet.)

Magnetic Fields(A region/electric charge around a magnetic material, usually a stars, or planets core.)

Celestial Bodies

Exoplanets(Planets orbiting other stars outside our solar system)

Stars

Low-Mass Stars(They are stars that are very dim but are longest living energy producers, another characteristic is that keep fusing hydrogen to their core then expelling the outer layers)

Tools

Photometer(Photometers are used to measure the “optical brightness” in a certain space)

Projects/Missions

MEarth Project(Transit survey of around 2000 dwarf stars)

Kepler-36c(Kepler-36b, is a super-Earth that orbits a G-type star 1,533 light-years from Earth in 13.9 days. Its mass is about four times greater than Earth's)

Characteristics

oscillations(A system of repeating variations or measures about its equilibrium in time.)

Celestial Events

Transit(When a planet comes between the star and the observer.)

Asteroseismology(The study of the internal structures of stars by their intrinsic global oscillations)

Pulsation(A variation in brightness due to a physical change in the star)

Equatorial Plane(The plane that passes through the equator {of celestial bodies in exoplanetary science})

Torque(How much twisting force is needed to turn)

Intrinsic Stars(stars whose luminosity physically changes due to pulsations, eruptions or through swelling and shrinking)

Host Stars(Stars hosting a planetary system)

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Protoplanetary (Protoplanetary is that masses fuse together over and over to create bigger celestial bodies such as a planet)

Evapotranspiration(Water evaporation from the soil surface into the atmosphere)

Dark (dark matter) (Dark matter is called dark since it doesn't interact with electromagnetic fields and leaves a dark space)

Measurments

Microns(One thousandth of a millimeter.)

Aqueous(Aqueous means the element has been dissolved in water.)

Asteroids(They are rocky remnants of the formation of our solar system.)

Energy

Light/Radiation

Polar Haze(Polar haze is haze created from light bouncing of ice)

Apophis(Apophis is a asteroid that is 340 meter long)

OSIRIS-REx(OSIRIS-REx is a spacecraft aiming to collect a sample of and asteroid called Bennu)

Alpha Radiation(Alpha particles are particles emitted when the nucleus of an atom is unstable)

Gamma Radiation(Gamma radiation is weightless energy called photons)

Regolith(Regolith is loose, unconsolidated rock)

Ionized Radiation(Ionized radiation is caused when removing electrons from atoms)

Viking Lander(Viking lander was a rover of the Viking project that collected images, the geological composition of the surface, and surveyed geographical features)

Coronal Mass Ejection(A coronal mass ejection, or a CME is a cloud of magnetized particles released form the sun)

Solar Cycle(a cycle our sun's magnetic field goes through approx. every 11 years)

Solar Flare(a solar flare is a big flash of bright light emitted by the sun)

Solar storm(a solar storm is when the sun ejects massive amounts of electrons and protons)

Infrared(Infrared waves are longer than visible light but shorter than radio waves)

Magnetic energy(energy linked to magnetic fields)

Enceladus: An ice and ocean world, sixth largest moon of Saturn.

Sintering: forming solid mass with heat and pressure without liquidization

SPT: South Polar Tip

Tiger stripe: there are 4 parallel tiger stripes in Enceladus's SPT that eject water and ice.

Salinity: Being saline/containing salt.

Ocean Circulation: Large amounts of water moving in the ocean basins

Ice-Ocean Interaction: The relationship between ice and the ocean

Stratified Layer: stratified layer is two or more layers

Ice Geometry: the structure of ice is tetrahedral

Heat Flux: amount of heat transferred per unit area per unit time.

Tidal Dissipation: the conversion of gravitational energy of the moving water to thermal energy which can cause delamination, deformation, and friction against surfaces. (this affects the rotation and internal temperatures of celestial bodies)

Tidal Heating: an orbiting or close object creates waves that create heat through friction

Heat Flux :amount of heat transferred per unit area per unit time.

Isopycnals: areas of water with the same density

Plumes (Enceladus): They are made from tidal forces acting of the fault lines in Enceladus's crust that create enough heat to create plumes of water vapor and ice crystals.

Orbilander: Nasa's proposed "flagship" for Enceladus, it would orbit for 1 and a half years then land on Enceladus