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Defense against infectious disease - Coggle Diagram
Defense against infectious disease
Blood clotting
Clotting can result in production of thrombin enzyme which convert fibrinogen protein into fibrin polymers
Clotting process: cascade of chemical reactions where injured
Blood clots in the coronary artery: coronary thrombosis, heart wall does not receive enough oxygen
Antibody: protein produced by the immune system to combat an antigen
When skin is cut, blood vessels cause bleeding, blood clotting stops bleeding and seals the wound
Immune system: responsible for defending the body
HIV
Can be transmitted by: sharing needles, sexual intercourse, blood transfusions and from mother to fetus
Aids: condition when HIV compromises the immune system
Can be diagnosed by counting lymphocytes in the blood
It is a syndrome
Creates the host to be vulnerable
Human immunodeficiency virus, infects and destroy T-cells, that help in antibody production
Timeline
Antibodies present: incubation period 10 years average, the body creates antibodies to combat the infection
Aids: up to 4 years, the person's CD4+ count is less than 200
Infection: window period 2 weeks - 6 months
Death
Antibiotics
This is why viruses are treated using antivirals
Through natural selection, bacteria can develop antibiotic resistance as a response to their environment
They aren't able to target viruses that don't have a metabolism
In prokaryotes, they can prevent vital functions like protein, DNA, RNA and cell wall synthesis
Alexander Fleming: discovering the first antibiotic
Frequently for treating infections / inhibit the growth of pathogens
Inmmunity
White blood cells or leukocytes identify pathogen and protect the body from possible infections
Phagocytes: move put capillaries to sites of infection and engulf pathogens through phagoctosis
Antigens: foreign by the body cells, this is why pathogens create a response by the immune system
Lymphocytes: white blood cells that bind to specific antigens
Each antibody has a region specific to an antigen
Antigens stimulate their corresponding lymphocyte producing clones or plasma cells
After the infection, antigens are no longer present, and lymphocytes begin to die. Some live as memory cells or until the pathogen is found again in the body
Definitions:
Pathogens: cells that can cause a disease
Skin and mucous membrane: first defense mechanism
Platelets: small fragments that flow in the blood
Fibrin: insoluble and forms a mesh where the wound is