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Physics - Coggle Diagram
Physics
Electric Charge
- property of matter that causes to experience an electric force
- positive and negative
- symbol (q)
- unit (Coulombs, C)
Charging
- materials become charged when electrons are transferred between objects
- charged by rubbing two dissimilar materials together
- N = qt/qe
Electric Forces
- unlike charges exert attractive electric forces to each other
- like charges exert repulsive electric forces to each other
Conductors
- electrical conductors are materials that contain free moving charged particles
- examples include, metals, graphite, graphene and electrolyte solutions
Insulators
- electrical insulators are materials that do not contain free moving charged particles
- examples include air, glass, plastic and wood
Electric Circuit
- is a closed path for charge to flow between two points
- there are three basic components in all electric circuits
1) conducting wire: length of electrical circuit
2) electric load: any device that uses electrical energy
3) electrical power source: maintains a difference in electric potential
Electric Potential
- or voltage is the amount of potential energy per unit of charge
- symbol, V
- SI unit volts (V)
Potential Difference
- is the charge in potential energy per unit of charge between two points in a circuit
- symbol ΔV
ΔV = ΔEp/q
ΔV = W/q
Voltmeter
- is an electrical device that measures the electric potential difference between two points of a circuit
Electric Current
- is the rate at which charge flows through an object or material
- symbol, I
- SI unit amperes (A)
I = q/t
Ammeter
- is an electric device that measure the magnitude and direction of current flow in an electric circuit
Electrical Safety
- electric current flow in a conductor generates heat
- heat can initiate the combustion of materials surrounding the conductor
Circuit Breaker
- is a device that break (opens) a circuit when the current exceeds a safe value
- contains a bimetallic strip
Fuse
- is a device used to prevent electrical wires from overheating and causing fire
- a simple fuse contains a thin metal wire which melts in response to high current flow
Resistance
- is a measure of the opposition to the flow fo electric current in a material
- symbol, R
- Si unit ohms (Ω)
Resistivity
- is a property that defines how strongly a material resists the flow of electrical current
- symbol, p
- SI unit, Ωm
Ohms Law
- the current in a conductor is inversely proportional to its resistance when potential difference is constant
ΔV = IR
Ohmic Conductors
- a material is classified as an ohmic conductor is the current through the material is directly proportional to potential difference
Non-Ohmic Conductors
- a materials is classified as a non-ohmic conductor is the current through the material is NOT directly proportional to potential difference
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