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Coms 401- Unit 3 (By Vienna Nodwell & Seoyun Kim) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Visibility game
        
        Algorithmic self-optimization
        
        "refers to the ways in which creators alter their content and selves in order to please the algorithm as algorithmic self-optimization. Influencers 'engage in algorithmic self-optimization to compete in a hierarchy of visibility that promotes hegemonic white femininity.
        
        Visibility management
        
        The platform can choose who has access to what information regarding the algorithm which creates stress on Influencers due to the strategically obscured algorithms that will control visibility of their content through the platforms
        
        "Gaming" the system: visibility work
        
        "Within the visibility game, there is a limit to the extent that algorithms control behaviour. Influencers' interpretations of Instagram's algorithmic architecture- and the visibility game more broadly- influence their interactions with the platform beyond the rules instantiated by its algorithms." (Cotter, 2018)
        
        "Gaming" is said to undermine the integrity of a system's outcomes since algorithms make sense of user behavior based on underlying assumptions about how users will behave and what that behavior signifies. (Laat, 2017)
        
        "Influencers pursuit of influence on Instagram resembled a game constructed around rules embedded in algorithms that regulate visibility." (Cotter .2018)- algorithms control behavior
        
        Playing the "game"
        
        The ultimate goal is to win by gaining visibility and demonstrating your influence to the algorithm.
        
        Through testing and playing with the algorithms, influencers recognize what leads to visibility/invisibility to alter their content towards visibility
    - - Algorithms affect women, particularly women of colour
        
        This is not intentional but an instance of pervasive social bias
        
        knowing that algorithms are made through machines processed with information, there is a potential for being biased on certain topics
- - - - For instance, popular British beauty Vlogger, Zoella, purposefully and selectively says words that will gain her video traction due to what is trending. She carefully says phases like "pinky nude lip" which at the time would please the algorithm.
- - - - Platforms heavily rely on user-generated content and they need to ensure it fits into advertisers' ethics standards to be profitable.
      - However, Cunningham & Craig (2019) suggest that platforms are excluding certain creators from current debates on platform governance, causing significant political and social ramifications. And, when these platforms decide to change or come out with new updates, they can oftentimes avoid being blamed for lost income due to the relationship that creators have with them; creators are responsible for the success of their own content and ultimately for relying too much on these platforms.
  - - - Not only do creators have a relationship to platforms but they also have a relationship to brands. Many creators who choose to do brand partnerships are simply looking to make a
        living online but from a company’s point of view, they may use these creator funds/partnerships to bolster their own brand visibility.
      - As stated previously, creators are seen as “entrepreneurs” in that they must take the risk of posting content, unsure of whether or not it will be successful (Duffy, 2017). Moreover, they are encouraged to be creative with the hope of future payoffs while running the risk of platforms' tendency to always be changing. Therefore, creator-brand relationships and creator-platform relationships are very close knit. Platforms are able to change at any time which can cause discrepancies in brand partnerships. Again, creators are responsible for the success of their own content and ultimately for relying too much on these platforms.
  - - - These programs had initially sparked hopes of participatory culture where these spaces would represent and rely on possibility, creativity, community and democracy. Though in turn, the YPP (and other programs like it) revealed that digital content is reliant on financials and maximizing profit.
      - Programs for partnering such as YPP gave hope towards creators; a profit-sharing tool and a
        way for the platform to “give back” to its most dedicated users.
- - - - Disinformation- intentionally deceitful
      - Misinformation: implies that the falsehood was unintentional